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… A catalyst for gender equality in the making Policy debates on work—life balance traditionally do not consider education and training. Yet constant technological advances require … for greater gender equality provided both women and men can access it despite work and family constraints. …

… decline as overall employment rates rise (see Chapter 2). Men’s weekly working time decreased by 1 hour between 2008 and 2017 (from 41.0 to 40.0 hours). For women, their working … 2018; Plantenga et al., 2010; Wheatley, 2017), gender differences on their actual usage remain highly …

… infrastructure for work—life balance Access to quality and sustainable public infrastructure such as care and … in determining employment opportunities for women and men and in balancing paid work with other life duties and needs. Traditional gender roles assigning women to care work, paid or unpaid, …

… Equally shared or not, childcare is a key dimension of gender equality Family structures have changed drastically in … pre-eminent, supplanted by the prevalence of dual-earning and single-headed families as more women work outside of the … policy options may promote equality between women and men by increasing the labour-market participation of women …

… is expected to increase from 19 % in 2016 to 29 % by 2080, and the percentage of people above 80 years old will more … the EU had a long-term disability, women (27 %) more than men (22 %) [2] . Given this context, the EU will face a major … were used. Member States are grouped on size of the gender gap. ‘Considerably more’ — gender gap is higher than …

… Parental-leave conditions may help or hinder gender equality The increase in female employment rates, … family model, have unsettled traditional gender work roles and expectations (Connolly, Aldrich, O’Brien, Speight, & … services. These all impact the behaviour of women and men taking leave and their participation in the labour …

… in the world of work, propelled by a digital revolution and economic crises, has swept away demarcation lines between … These have brought socioeconomic costs that have impacted gender equality across different domains of life. Work—life … and whether these are equally available to all women and men, and if so, how can they further boost gender equality. …

… among the highest of all six core domains measured in the Gender Equality Index. Figure 28: Scores for the domain of health and its sub-domains, EU, since 2005 Overall, Member State … and on inequalities among different groups of women and men. In 2017 the score for the sub-domain of access reached …

… companies in the EU‑28 more than doubled between 2010 and 2018 (from 12 % to 26 %), after the European Commission … remained the only Member State with at least 40 % of each gender on the combined boards of the companies covered [1] . … board members. In just under half of Member States (13), men outnumber women by at least four to one (i.e. < 20 % …

… of 30 % in 2018. Parliaments in Sweden, Finland, Belgium and Spain are gender balanced (i.e. at least 40 % of each gender), whereas … of each gender), in all the other national governments men account for more than 60 % of cabinet ministers. In 2019, …

… does family type determine the overall time that women and men spend caring for their children, grandchildren, older people or people with disabilities, it also impacts gender inequalities in caring. When different types of …

… In the EU, more women and men graduate from universities than in the past. Between … strongly outnumbered men as tertiary graduates, with a gender gap in Estonia of 16 p.p., in Latvia of 13 p.p. and in …

… domain of knowledge remained virtually static between 2015 and 2017 and only improved by 2.7 points over the entire … forward by improving educational attainment among men and women. This is one of the few domains where a gender gap has been reversed since 2005 — women now …

… money second only to health in surpassing 80 points in the Gender Equality Index. This suggests that, although significant gender gaps still exist on financial and economic resources, women and men have achieved somewhat more equitable settings in this …

… Being a parent continues to hinder women, but not men, in the labour market. FTE employment rates of women with … at double the speed (+ 8 p.p.) of those for lone mothers and couples with children (+ 4 p.p.). While the most acute gender gap in FTE employment was observed among couples with …

… 2017, the FTE employment rate in the EU was 41 % for women and 57 % for men, an increase of about 1 p.p. for both genders from 2015. This maintains the gender gap in FTE employment unchanged at 16 p.p. over the …

… in the domain of work since the 71.5-point score in 2015 and the 70.0-point score in 2005 (Figure 9). EU-level … in 2005 and a more balanced situation for women and men. The advance was largely due to gains in employment … In comparison, and despite slowly rising employment rates, gender segregation remains a particular challenge for the EU …

… The Gender Equality Index score of 67.4 points out of 100 for the … States need to make considerable advances to ensure women and men enjoy equal levels of well-being in all domains of life. …

… With a freshly elected European Parliament and a new term for the European Commission, the time is ripe to take stock of progress and consolidate gender equality priorities for the years ahead. The European … The topic of work—life balance affects both women and men and is a top priority for the EU. This is why we chose it …