… Gender inequalities in health The conditions in which women and men live, work and spend their time affect their … orientation or disability, influence the resources that women and men can access, their exposure to environmental … from public institutions. Men’s lower life expectancy and women’s poorer mental well-being reflect the effect of gender …
… outcomes. As reasons for unequal health outcomes between women and men vary, this chapter examines the role of social … behaviours and access to care differ between women and men. Gender-biased health research and healthcare … notes that, in countries with greater representation of women and greater gender equity in politics, men’s health …
… Violence against women is one of the most pervasive crimes of our time. It … a foreigner and other life circumstances can increase women’s vulnerability to gender-based violence. Freedom from … Convention on preventing and combating violence against women and domestic violence (the Istanbul Convention) [4] . …
… all domains since 2010, progress has been slow and uneven. Women account for only one in three members of EU national parliaments. Women remain substantially under-represented in corporate … companies, less than 1 in 10 board presidents or CEOs are women. Despite women’s growing involvement in research …
… regarded as a determinant of health. Policies promoting women’s participation in the labour force and easing their … work–life conflicts affect mental health. Although more women than ever before are now actively part of the labour … at home. Even in dual-earning households, it is mostly women who provide direct care and do housework (ILO, 2018; …
… attainment continues to steadily increase among both young women and men, with women now outpacing men. Gender segregation remains the key … plateaued, as has the upwards trend in the proportion of women studying science, technology, engineering and …
… resources remained, overall, still more restricted for women than for men. According to Eurostat, in the EU in 2019, gross hourly earnings for women were, on average, 14 % lower than for men. Low hourly … is of particular concern (see Section 3.2). It results in women’s level of economic independence remaining far lower …
… of employment and higher levels of underemployment for women, as well as in gender segregation in the job market and … care, family and other household duties a major barrier to women’s equal participation in the workforce (EIGE, 2020e). Most women still face cultural norms, including leaving jobs or …
… it is far from over. It has reversed years of progress on women’s rights and gender equality – and exposed serious … have undergone seismic changes, with different impacts on women and men. Growing evidence shows that women bear the brunt of upheaval, suffering more acute …
… to have an impact on our workplaces and societies, with women being under-represented in most decision-making … are led by men [3] . Only 20 years ago, the gap between women and men was even more pronounced. 100 % of EU countries … administrators in the EU institutions were men [5] . Women in leadership positions are still a relatively new …
… support gender balance, the promotion gap between women and men disappeared [2] . 3. Take the pulse of your … gather data to identify bias , such as the following. Do women or men employees receive lower performance evaluations after they have had children? Are women disproportionately described using relationship-focused …
… Women Large numbers of women in positions of authority report sexual harassment. In the EU, 75 % of women in top management positions reported experiencing …
… About a third of women who faced sexual harassment in the EU experienced it in … Convention on Preventing and Combating Violence against Women and Domestic Violence (the Istanbul Convention) [2] . … of discrimination and violence. Victims are predominantly women and perpetrators are predominantly men [5] . When FRA …
… Women As stereotypically feminine behaviour is associated with low status and the domestic sphere, women can benefit from adopting stereotypically masculine … they ‘have what it takes’ to succeed [1] . However, women who are seen as trying to assert power can face …
… Professions and pay The perception that women and men have different skills is part of the reason … are concentrated in different professional fields . While women are over-represented in care and pre-primary education, … by men tend to be more highly paid than those dominated by women. Even when women are concentrated in a certain field, …
… workplace realities have been shaped by the belief that women and men have complementary characteristics , for … example that men are individualistic and dominant, while women are caring and collaborative. However, stereotypically … development books and programmes frequently urge women to stop displaying stereotypically feminine behaviour …
… hold employees back and channel them into the wrong roles. Women may be shut out of senior positions or diverted into … Men have been found to rapidly leave jobs dominated by women due to social stigma, with some preferring unemployment … and masculine practices which intimidate or exclude women and favour fellow men [8] . In practice, it can be …
… is linked to beliefs around the fundamental nature of women and men and the roles they should play in society. Sexist assumptions about women and men, which manifest themselves as gender … as unconscious bias . Sexism can touch everyone, but women are particularly affected. Despite legal frameworks set …
… STEM science, technology, engineering and mathematics WAVE Women Against Violence Europe WHO World Health Organization WiD Women in Digital WMID Women and Men in Decision-Making (EIGE Gender Statistics …