… Zisza, 2008) 0.3 % annual increase in real GDP in Japan if women’s participation rate increases by 9 % (Matsui … women’s employment and reduce employment penalties after motherhood (Pacelli et al., 2013) Increasing gender equality …
… would raise GDP by 5% in the United States, by 9% in Japan and by as much as 34% in Egypt. With the prospect of a … over a lifetime, including differences in the life course (motherhood penalty), segregated labour market and gendered …