… for women were, on average, 14 % lower than for men. Low hourly gross earnings of lone parents, especially of lone … and men make it harder for women to commit more time to paid work (EIGE, 2019e). The overall share of women in part-time work is greater since they balance paidjobs and unpaid care work to a greater extent than men (see …
… There is a direct link between the unequal division of unpaid care in households and gender inequality in the labour … million care workers in the EU. Many find themselves in lowpaid, temporary jobs, with little career prospects. What needs to change? For …
… by women, and this hinders their access to employment. The paid care sector has a large share of women employees who are often in low-income, precarious jobs, with few career prospects. Lower earnings and insecure …
… gap , as fields dominated by men tend to be more highly paid than those dominated by women. Even when women are … to be final [7] . Women also apply in lower numbers to jobs advertised using adjectives associated with masculine … in accepting and receiving requests for tasks with low promotability’, American Economic Review, Vol. 107, No 3, …
… via online platforms, often alongside other, more stable jobs. These changes can affect gender equality both … care responsibilities (primarily taken on by women) with paid employment, and because it can encompass those who … services via platforms (also called ‘clickwork’) is very low for the majority of workers (Hara et al., 2018), with a …
… of new opportunities, either by transforming existing jobs or creating entirely new ones. Access to such … digitalisation enables the creation of a broad range of low-skilled opportunities, for example in the context of … of platform work. While platform work includes some well-paid, high-skilled opportunities (Eurofound, 2018b), there …
… also has the potential to be highly disruptive, as many jobs need to be reorganised and technology will completely … leaving the labour market increasingly divided into low and high-skilled employment (Autor, 2015; Goos et al., … 2017, p. 7). This does not, however, mean that women are paid equally to men in these jobs. The fact that women have, …
… become a basis for global competitiveness, boosting jobs and growth. Digital societies require digital … digital skills open opportunities for access to well-paidjobs for which there is significant demand in the … the gender divide widens, with most older people having low to basic digital skills. Finland, Denmark and Sweden have …
… contributes to the growth of employment in certain well-paid sectors that require advanced digital skills, such as … one usually offering well-paid, high-quality jobs (the ICT sector) and the other often providing low-paid, less secure but highly flexible opportunities …
… around 40. Women may also be at increased risk of losing jobs because of additional unpaid care responsibilities … care workers in health services. Another example of a low-paid, female-dominated occupation that became essential …
… flexible or informal forms of employment are better paid, formalised and covered by social protection. It will … persistent gender segregation in higher education and by low participation in lifelong learning. Young women continue … recognised that fighting gender bias and opening up new jobs for women in high-technology industries is a question of …
… effects on women. The ILO estimates that almost 25 million jobs could be lost worldwide as a result of COVID-19, with up … particularly vulnerable to economic shock. Women are lower paid, save less and have limited access to social protection. … and precarious employment, such as short-term, part-time, low-paid and socially unprotected forms of labour, for the …
… parents, people with migrant backgrounds and those with low educational achievement. Reducing gender gaps in … time and activities. Increasing time pressures from both paid and unpaid work, combined with gender norms and … ICT-related fields are women and the share of women in ICT jobs is 18 % (a decrease of 4 percentage points (p.p.) since …
… on how many people are in such precarious circumstances of low wages and unstable employment conditions is not always … them to access childcare and secure better-paidjobs that balance shift work and local transport issues? Step …
… including migrant women’s, access to, and hours in paid work Increased use of alternative working arrangements … have greater demands on their time in terms of reconciling paid work and care responsibilities, than men; there is a … for mothers with children under the age of 12 years, and low levels of employment among women with children under the …
… workers categorised as ‘essential’, who continued their jobs on the frontline of the pandemic. This group includes … professions are some of the most undervalued and under-paidjobs in the EU. More than 50 % of personal care workers … background (55%). They are often irregularly employed with low wages (82 % of domestic cleaners and helpers are among …
… on part-time work, even at the cost of consigning them to jobs with poorer career progression. In 2018, 31 % of women … is being held back by strong gender segregation and low engagement in lifelong learning. In the EU more women and … one in two women (48 %) involved in informal LTC is in paid work. The EU has reached the first Barcelona target …
… for entering the labour market, retaining full-time jobs or striking a better work—life balance because they … FWAs (Eurobarometer, 2018), greater attention must be paid to general availability as well as to barriers to … 2016). This enduring association is influencing the low uptake of certain FWAs by men (Laundon & Williams, 2018). …
… performed for free within the family to the formal and paid childcare sector (Esping-Andersen, 1990; Orloff, 1996). … by undervaluing the social and economic value of care jobs they can also undermine the economic independence of … 2005). This model is often criticised for perpetuating the low social and economic value given to care work. The …