Legal Definitions in the EU Member States

When any form of unwanted verbal, non-verbal or physical conduct of a sexual nature occurs with purpose or effect of violating the dignity of this person, in particular when creating an intimidating, hostile, degrading, humiliating or offensive environment.

No criminal offense by itself, but an aggravating feature.

A person who by violent action or direct menace against life or limb forces a woman to have sexual intercourse, or uses the incapacity of the woman for defence or for the manifestation of her will for sexual intercourse, commits a felony and shall be punishable with imprisonment between two to eight years.

(1) Any person who in order to make him intimidate you, or to a private life or daily life arbitrarily intervene regularly or permanently else bother, especially with someone else, against her will, by means of telecommunication or in person on a regular basis to connect attempt when a graver crime is realized, commits a misdemeanour and up to one year of imprisonment, community service or a fine.
(2) Violent or causing public danger of committing an offense against the person threatening, commits an offense who else to view it or relatives fear, and up to two years imprisonment, community service or a fine.
(3) Any person bullying a) anex-spouse or ex- spousecommitted by a person standing b) education, supervision , care or medical treatment of the injury, up to two years imprisonment cases referred to in paragraph (1), community service or a fine ,in the case referred to in paragraph (2) For a felony of up to three years' imprisonment .

(1) The person obliged to conduct the education, supervision of or care for a minor, who seriously violates his obligations arising from such duty, and thereby endangers the physical, intellectual or moral development of the minor, commits a felony and shall be punishable with imprisonment between one to five years. (2) Unless a graver crime is realized, that major person shall be punishable in accordance with subsection (1), who induces or tries to induce a minor to the perpetration of a crime or to the pursuance of a dissolute way of life.

Ireland has two legal definitions of rape:

1.A man commits rape if (a) he has unlawful sexual intercourse with a woman who at the time of the intercourse does not consent to it, and (b) at that time he knows that she does not consent to the intercourse or he is reckless as to whether she does or does not consent to it, and references to rape in this Act and any other enactment shall be construed accordingly.

2. Asexual assault that includes (a) penetration (however slight) of the anus or mouth by the penis, or (b) penetration (however slight) of the vagina by any object held or manipulated by another person.

Sexual assault means an indecent assault on a male or a female.

Harassment and sexual harassment. (s.14A of the Employment Equality Act 1998 (as amended by s.8 of the Equality Act 2004)
14A.

—(1) For the purposes of this Act, where—

• (a) an employee (in this section referred to as ‘the victim’) is harassed or sexually harassed either at a place where the employee is employed (in this section referred to as ‘the workplace’) or otherwise in the course of his or her employment by a person who is—
  • (i) employed at that place or by the same employer,
  • (ii) the victim's employer, or
  • (iii) a client, customer or other business contact of the victim's employer and the circumstances of the harassment are such that the employer ought reasonably to have taken steps to prevent it,

or

• (b) without prejudice to the generality of paragraph (a)—
  • (i) such harassment has occurred, and
  • (ii) either—
    • (I) the victim is treated differently in the workplace or otherwise in the course of his or her employment by reason of rejecting or accepting the harassment, or
    • (II) it could reasonably be anticipated that he or she would be so treated,

the harassment or sexual harassment constitutes discrimination by the victim's employer in relation to the victim's conditions of employment.

(2) If harassment or sexual harassment of the victim by a person other than his or her employer would, but for this subsection, be regarded as discrimination by the employer under subsection (1), it is a defence for the employer to prove that the employer took such steps as are reasonably practicable—

• (a) in a case where subsection (1)(a) applies (whether or not subsection (1)(b) also applies), to prevent the person from harassing or sexually harassing the victim or any class of persons which includes the victim, and
• (b) in a case where subsection (1)(b) applies, to prevent the victim from being treated differently in the workplace or otherwise in the course of the victim's employment and, if and so far as any such treatment has occurred, to reverse its effects.

(3) A person's rejection of, or submission to, harassment or sexual harassment may not be used by an employer as a basis for a decision affecting that person.

(4) The reference in subsection (1)(a)(iii) to a client, customer or other business contact of the victim's employer includes a reference to any other person with whom the employer might reasonably expect the victim to come into contact in the workplace or otherwise in the course of his or her employment.

(5) In this section ‘employee’ includes an individual who is—

• (a) seeking or using any service provided by an employment agency, and
• (b) participating in any course or facility referred to in paragraphs (a) to (c) of section 12(1),

and accordingly any reference to the individual's employer includes a reference to the employment agency providing the service or, as the case may be, the person offering or providing the course or facility.

(6) Where subsection (5) applies in relation to a victim, subsection (1) shall have effect as if for ‘in relation to the victim's conditions of employment’ there were substituted ‘contrary to section 11’ or, as the case may be, section 12.

(7)

• (a) In this section—
  • (i) references to harassment are to any form of unwanted conduct related to any of the discriminatory grounds, and
  • (ii) references to sexual harassment are to any form of unwanted verbal, non-verbal or physical conduct of a sexual nature,

being conduct which in either case has the purpose or effect of violating a person's dignity and creating an intimidating, hostile, degrading, humiliating or offensive environment for the person.

• (b) Without prejudice to the generality of paragraph (a), such unwanted conduct may consist of acts, requests, spoken words, gestures or the production, display or circulation of written words, pictures or other material.

s.11 of the Equal Status Act 2000 (as amended by s.51 of the Equality Act 2004).7
Sexual and other harassment.
11.

• —(1) A person shall not sexually harass or harass (within the meaning of subsection (4) or (5)) another person (“the victim”) where the victim—
  • (a) avails or seeks to avail himself or herself of any service provided by the person or purchases or seeks to purchase any goods being disposed of by the person,
  • (b) is the proposed or actual recipient from the person of any premises or of any accommodation or services or amenities related to accommodation, or
  • (c) is a student at, has applied for admission to or avails or seeks to avail himself or herself of any service offered by, any educational establishment (within the meaning of section 7) at which the person is in a position of authority.
• (2) A person (“the responsible person”) who is responsible for the operation of any place that is an educational establishment or at which goods, services or accommodation facilities are offered to the public shall not permit another person who has a right to be present in or to avail himself or herself of any facilities, goods or services provided at that place, to suffer sexual harassment or harassment at that place.
• (3) It shall be a defence for the responsible person to prove that he or she took such steps as are reasonably practicable to prevent the sexual harassment or harassment, as the case may be, of the other person referred to in subsection (2) or of a category of persons of which that other person is a member.
• (4) A person's rejection of, or submission to, sexual or other harassment may not be used by any other person as a basis for a decision affecting that person.
• (5)
  • (a) In this section—
    • (i) references to harassment are to any form of unwanted conduct related to any of the discriminatory grounds, and
    • (ii) references to sexual harassment are to any form of unwanted verbal, non-verbal or physical conduct of a sexual nature, being conduct which in either case has the purpose or effect of violating a person's dignity and creating an intimidating, hostile, degrading, humiliating or offensive environment for the person.
  • (b) Without prejudice to the generality of paragraph (a), such unwanted conduct may consist of acts, requests, spoken words, gestures or the production, display or circulation of written words, pictures or other material.

In Ireland, stalking is covered under"harassment": any person who, without lawful authority or reasonable excuse, by any means including by use of the telephone, harasses another by persistently following, watching, pestering, besetting or communicating with him or her, shall be guilty of an offence. A person harasses another where (a) he or she, by his or her acts intentionally or recklessly, seriously interferes with the other's peace and privacy or causes alarm, distress or harm to the other, and (b) his or her acts are such that a reasonable person would realise that the acts would seriously interfere with the other's peace and privacy or cause alarm, distress or harm to the other.

Standard definitions of violence against women can be found in the national survey (ISTAT), fully dedicated for the first time to physical and sexual violence against women, which considered three different types of violence against women: physical; sexual and psychological violence, both inside the family (by partner or ex-partner) and outside family (by an unknown person, acquaintances, a friend, a colleague, a family friend, a relative etc.). Physical violence ranges from relatively mild to most serious: the threat to be physically struck, to be pushed, or yanked, knocked, slapped, kicked, punched, or subjected to attempted strangulation, choking, burning and threats with weapons. As sexual violence, all those situations in which women are forced to perform or suffer sexual acts of various kinds against their will are considered: rape, attempted rape, sexual physical harassment, sexual intercourse with a third party, undesired sexual intercourse, suffered for fear of consequences, degrading and humiliating sexual activities. Psychological violence includes denigration, behaviour control, segregation strategies, intimidation, severe financial limitations imposed by the partner.