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… of measures for the promotion of equality of women and men at work, the increased participation of women in the labour market and the reconciliation of work and …

… 10, 19 and 157 of the TFEU call for equality between women and men. Article 8 of the TFEU explicitly requires the … closing gender gaps in the labour market, achieving equal participation across different sectors of the economy, … on actions within the EU, it is aligned with the EU’s external policy on gender equality and women’s empowerment. …

… rates of mental health problems among girls and young women may be related to permanent concerns over physical … social media use. The ‘beauty myth’, by which girls and women are subjected to unachievable standards of beauty, … and self-confidence with competition with other women, is reinforced in online spaces (EIGE, 2019b). …

… hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Across the EU, women have consistently higher rates of internalising … adolescence. Gender-specific data on pre-school children’s mental health is scarce. More evidence on gender … mental health. Using measures for women’s political participation, economic independence, employment and SRHR to …

… self-assessed health or self-perceived health) is a person’s subjective evaluation of their current health status (Lorem et al., 2017). Overall, women tend to report worse health than men (Nesson and … Spain, Cyprus and Portugal, where women’s labour market participation is low (Palència et al., 2014) . Therefore, …

… from COVID-19 will be felt for years to come. The pandemic’s impact has been very unequal across the EU and over time. … COVID-19 deadlier for men, ‘long COVID’ more likely for women There are considerable variations in how data is … (Global Health 50/50, 2020). Early in the pandemic, women were more likely to get tested than men, as priority …

… of the ICPD in Cairo and the Fourth World Conference on Women in Beijing (1995), governments and advocates have … but also of men and families (Starrs et al., 2018). Men’s reproductive health issues include male factor infertility, … options include methods for men, and some require their participation, family planning programming has predominantly …

… in order of the extent to which they enabled their participation in different everyday life activities [1] . The respondents, women and men alike, ranked health services as the most … reasons (Wang et al., 2013). The fact that women’s greater familiarity with the health and social services …

… social determinant of health, shaping and reproducing how women and men engage in health behaviour. Research often … gap in physical activity across the EU is 5 p.p. in men’s favour. Estonia is the only Member State where slightly … the gender empowerment measure [8] ‘economic and political participation, and power over economic resources’ and higher …

… Women’s representation in corporate leadership is improving, albeit … largest publicly listed companies in Member States were women. Although this figures is an all-time high, it is still … companies have no women board members at all. Figure 18. Participation of women on the boards of the largest quoted …

… and other chronic conditions [1] . About 91 % of women with children spend at least an hour per day on … children. The latest available data shows that employed women spend about 2.3 hours daily on housework; for employed … men, this figure is 1.6 hours. Gender gaps in housework participation are the largest among couples with children, at …

… are important to keep in mind as research has shown that participation in social activities contributes to one’s subjective well-being (Brajša-Žganec et al., 2011). Access … subdomain, of care activities, measures gender gaps in women’s and men’s involvement in the care and/or education of …

… In a highly digitalised world, women and men need a wide range of knowledge, skills and … them throughout life. Without the right skills, both women and men are likely to end up in poor-quality jobs, to … physical health (European Commission, 2015a). Figure 12. Participation of women and men in formal or non-formal …

… and 2019 (Figure 10), with the subdomain of attainment and participation driving that progress. Figure 10. Scores for … (2019), and changes over time Although this subdomain’s score increased by 6.5 points from 2010 to 2019, there was … is measured by two indicators: the percentages of women and men who are graduates of tertiary-level education …

… Poverty or social exclusion risks were already higher for women than for men in the EU before the pandemic (EIGE, 2020g). Women were already more likely than men to be in unpaid, … jobs. The COVID-19 crisis is likely to worsen women’s economic situation, as their over-representation in sectors …

… of this progress is due to outstanding developments in women’s participation in economic and political decision-making in …

… unpaid care during the COVID-19 crisis – particularly by women – has put a spotlight on long-standing gender … in the EU labour market. Progress in the subdomain of participation has slowed, and strong gender segregation in … influence of gender roles and stereotypes on women’s participation in the labour market, and thus on their …