Policy cycle in transport

The database at Community level (CARE – Community database on accidents on the roads in Europe) makes it possible to identify and quantify road safety problems, evaluate the efficiency of road safety measures, determine the relevance of Community actions and facilitate the exchange of experience in this field. Data on accidents are disaggregated by sex, road type user, age class and type of area. Data are available on the DG MOVE website and, partially, on the Eurostat database on Transport.

The SARTRE (Social Attitudes to Road Traffic Risk in Europe) project, co-financed by the European Commission Directorate-General for Mobility and Transport, started in 1991. It consists of a European-wide survey about knowledge of road traffic laws and road traffic risks, attitudes regarding road safety issues, reported road traffic behaviours, transport habits and needs in several European countries. Various topics related to road safety are in the focus of the project such as alcohol, drugs, or phone use while driving, speeding, use of advanced driver assistance systems and the transport infrastructure and environment. Since the first edition of SARTRE, a follow-up was performed in 1996 (SARTRE 2) and 2002 (SARTRE 3) among an increasing number of countries (15 in 1991, 19 in 1996 and 23 in 2002). Data collection for this fourth edition started in 2010. The SARTRE 4 survey includes 19 countries, 17 of which are included in the EU-28. The objective of the survey was to describe actual opinions and (self-reported) behaviours towards traffic risk and road safety of these 3 road user groups in countries covered by the project. Methodology foreseen the inclusion of women in the sample, and data are collected and analysed with a gender perspective. The database of the survey is not available to the public, but reports of analyses, including data and statistics, are available.

The European Union Labour Force Survey (EU-LFS) provides the main aggregated statistics on labour market outcomes in the European Union. The EU-LFS is the main data source for employment and unemployment. Tables on population, employment, working hours, permanency of job, professional status etc. are included. It provides disaggregated statistics by sex, age groups, economic activity, education attainment and field of education, from which it is possible to measure the presence of women working in the transport sector.

The Harmonised European Time Use Survey (HETUS) web application offers the opportunity to calculate user defined, comparable statistical tables on the organisation and activities of everyday life in eight European countries. It provides a great variety of statistical images of people’s use of time in 15 EU MS (Finland, Germany, Italy, Norway, Sweden, UK, Spain, Bulgaria, Lithuania, Estonia, Latvia, Poland), including gender statistics.

The publication presents an analysis of the gender issues in transport and provides some gender-sensitive experiences of pioneering European countries and cities that have started embedding gender mainstreaming in urban and mobility planning.

The paper produced on behalf of the European Commission, Directorate-General for Mobility and Transport (DG MOVE), considers gender differences in transport and mobility. The paper analyses the achievement of equity through mobility and looks at gender differences in different aspects of the transport and mobility fields (e.g. road security, car design, public transport availability).

This paper analyses over 10 million journeys made by members of London’s cycle hire scheme in order to see if there are any gender differences in cycling behaviours. The results of the analysis show that female customers’ usage characteristics are demonstrably different from those of male customers.

This study focuses on the working conditions and the HR policies of transport companies designed to mainstream gender, the opportunities for success and advancement, and the barriers faced by women who work in the transport sector.

This report is designed to:

1. present empirical evidence of trends and conditions of gendered transport usage, differentiated by various modes of travel, and of gendered employment in urban transport;
2. review impacts and challenges related to these gender differences;
3. review policy responses designed to address these gender inequalities and their resulting challenges; iv) provide summary findings and present lessons for policy.

The report examines the employment situation of women in urban public transport companies in Europe.

This article studies choice in mode of travel with a focus on car use in car deficient households from a gender perspective. Car deficient households are defined as households with more drivers than cars. The paper derives some key hypotheses from the literature and uses the German Mobility Panel 1994 to 2008 to simultaneously test some of these hypotheses in a pooled data approach with cluster robust regression techniques. The paper concludes with an outlook on further research.

The report analyses how gender is considered in the transport sector. The report begins with an overview of the situation, and then presents good practices and a set of recommendations. It addresses both developed and developing countries, urban and rural areas, and infrastructure and services.

This report advances our understanding of gendered perspectives on current and future transport policies and contributes both to clarifying the goals of European transport policy and to balancing the goals of transport, sustainability and gender equality. In responding to the call for a broader and more flexible transport policy related to economic, social and environmental needs, as well as to the call for a more gender-balanced Europe, the report suggests a complex and integrated framework for understanding some of the major goals of the EU in the 21st century.

The report aims to investigate the development and implementation of innovative measures designed to foster gender equality in the transport sector. To this end, the report outlines and analyses eight innovative measures that have been taken by national trade unions or other social partner groups in seven countries: Croatia, France, Hungary, Italy, the Netherlands, Spain and the United Kingdom. The common characteristic uniting all of these measures is their central objective of improving gender equality at the workplace in a number of transport subsectors.

This report analyses the nature of the gender imbalance in the transport sector in EU Member States. It highlights the nature of travel differences between men and women as transport users and consumers and the implications this has for planning, operations and management of the transport system. It sets out the challenges faced by institutions within the transport sector to mainstream gender equality. It also highlights the male domination of employment within all areas of the transport labour force and the few examples of good practice that are trying to overcome women's under-representation in this industry. Furthermore, it proposes criteria for gender mainstreaming within the European transport system and a series of concrete actions.

The article includes an analysis of the social and psychological differences between men and women that are relevant to their driving behaviour.

This paper identifies the goals and progress of the Gender Audit for Public Transport to date. It considers why we need a public transport gender audit and examines the major gender differences that have relevance for transport policymakers, planners and providers.

Gender mainstreaming in urban planning aims for systematic quality evaluation with regard to the equality of opportunities allotted to different user groups. In the sense of ensuring ‘fair shares in the city’ for all, it must be established what sort of benefits (or, possibly, impediments) result from planning decisions. For this reason, this guide provides indications on how to carry out a gender analysis of urban planning and urban development policies, including transport, in order to ensure the mainstreaming of the gender perspective.

This note highlights the characteristics and determinants of gender differences in mobility patterns emerging from the literature and presents an overview of how transport policies have been adapted to support women’s mobility needs, focusing on examples of practices implemented in 4 European countries. Furthermore, the note includes a check list to carry out a gender analysis/audit of mobility policies and programmes.

This guidance note aims to provide practical guidance to EBRD specialists and consultants on how gender mainstreaming can be applied and considered when planning projects. The guidance note includes a checklist for carrying out a gender analysis of transport projects from the design stage to evaluation.

The purpose of this guide is to improve the work of Transport for London by making sure it does not discriminate and that, where possible, it promotes equality through the realisation of an impact assessment of transport policies. The guide provides indications on when and how to carry out equality impact assessments. The guide also includes indications on how to take the gender perspective into consideration.

This white paper includes a specific section on the impact of the policy on employment level and conditions, including on gender balance.

The Women's Committee of the European Transport Workers' Federation.

Advancing Women in Transportation is an international association that trys to advance participation of women in the transportation industry.

Women's Design Service is an organisation dedicated to improving the built environment for women.