… Unplanned pregnancies, complications around pregnancy and childbirth, unsafe abortions, gender-based violence, STIs, … suffering it (Jansen et al., 2020). Likewise, violence in childbirth, known as obstetric violence, poses a risk to … likely, and Asian mothers twice as likely, to die during childbirth as their white peers (MBRRACE-UK, 2020). Footnotes …