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  • Menu
  • Gender mainstreaming
    • What is Gender mainstreaming
      • Policy cycle
    • Institutions and structures
      • European Union
      • EU Member States
      • Stakeholders
      • International organizations
    • Policy areas
      • Agriculture and rural development
        • Policy cycle
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      • Economic and financial affairs
        • #3 Steps Forward
          • How can you make a difference?
        • Economic Benefits of Gender Equality in the EU
        • Policy cycle
      • Education
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      • Employment
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        • Structures
      • Energy
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    • Toolkits
      • Gender Equality Training
        • Back to toolkit page
        • What is Gender Equality Training
        • Why invest in Gender Equality Training
        • Who should use Gender Equality Training
        • Step-by-step guide to Gender Equality Training
            • 1. Assess the needs
            • 2. Integrate initiatives to broader strategy
            • 3. Ensure sufficient resources
            • 4. Write good terms of reference
            • 5. Select a trainer
            • 6. Engage in the needs assessment
            • 7. Actively participate in the initiative
            • 8. Invite others to join in
            • 9. Monitoring framework and procedures
            • 10. Set up an evaluation framework
            • 11. Assess long-term impacts
            • 12. Give space and support others
        • Designing effective Gender Equality Training
        • Gender Equality Training in the EU
        • Good Practices on Gender Equality Training
        • More resources on Gender Equality Training
        • More on EIGE's work on Gender Equality Training
      • Gender Impact Assessment
        • Back to toolkit page
        • What is Gender Impact Assessment
        • Why use Gender Impact Assessment
        • Who should use Gender Impact Assessment
        • When to use Gender Impact Assessment
        • Guide to Gender Impact Assessment
          • Step 1: Definition of policy purpose
          • Step 2: Checking gender relevance
          • Step 3: Gender-sensitive analysis
          • Step 4: Weighing gender impact
          • Step 5: Findings and proposals for improvement
        • Following up on gender impact assessment
        • General considerations
        • Examples from the EU
            • European Commission
            • Austria
            • Belgium
            • Denmark
            • Finland
            • Sweden
            • Basque country
            • Catalonia
            • Lower Saxony
            • Swedish municipalities
      • Institutional Transformation
        • Back to toolkit page
        • What is Institutional Transformation
          • Institutional transformation and gender: Key points
          • Gender organisations
          • Types of institutions
          • Gender mainstreaming and institutional transformation
          • Dimensions of gender mainstreaming in institutions: The SPO model
        • Why focus on Institutional Transformation
          • Motivation model
        • Who the guide is for
        • Guide to Institutional Transformation
            • 1. Creating accountability and strengthening commitment
            • 2. Allocating resources
            • 3. Conducting an organisational analysis
            • 4. Developing a strategy and work plan
            • 5. Establishing a support structure
            • 6. Setting gender equality objectives
            • 7. Communicating gender mainstreaming
            • 8. Introducing gender mainstreaming
            • 9. Developing gender equality competence
            • 10. Establishing a gender information management system
            • 11. Launching gender equality action plans
            • 12. Promotional equal opportunities
            • 13. Monitoring and steering organisational change
        • Dealing with resistance
          • Discourse level
          • Individual level
          • Organisational level
          • Statements and reactions
        • Checklist: Key questions for change
        • Examples from the EU
            • 1. Strengthening accountability
            • 2. Allocating resources
            • 3. Organisational analysis
            • 4. Developing a strategy and working plan
            • 5. Establishing a support structure
            • 6. Setting objectives
            • 7. Communicating gender mainstreaming
            • 8. Introducing methods and tools
            • 9. Developing Competence
            • 10. Establishing a gender information management system
            • 11. Launching action plans
            • 12. Promoting within an organisation
            • 13. Monitoring and evaluating
      • Gender Equality in Academia and Research
        • Back to toolkit page
        • WHAT
          • What is a Gender Equality Plan?
          • Terms and definitions
          • Which stakeholders need to be engaged into a GEP
          • About the Gear Tool
        • WHY
          • Horizon Europe GEP criterion
          • Gender Equality in Research and Innovation
          • Why change must be structural
          • Rationale for gender equality change in research and innovation
          • GEAR step-by-step guide for research organisations, universities and public bodies
            • Step 1: Getting started
            • Step 2: Analysing and assessing the state-of-play in the institution
            • Step 3: Setting up a Gender Equality Plan
            • Step 4: Implementing a Gender Equality Plan
            • Step 5: Monitoring progress and evaluating a Gender Equality Plan
            • Step 6: What comes after the Gender Equality Plan?
          • GEAR step-by-step guide for research funding bodies
            • Step 1: Getting started
            • Step 2: Analysing and assessing the state-of-play in the institution
            • Step 3: Setting up a Gender Equality Plan
            • Step 4: Implementing a Gender Equality Plan
            • Step 5: Monitoring progress and evaluating a Gender Equality Plan
            • Step 6: What comes after the Gender Equality Plan?
          • GEAR action toolbox
            • Work-life balance and organisational culture
            • Gender balance in leadership and decision making
            • Gender equality in recruitment and career progression
            • Integration of the sex/gender dimension into research and teaching content
            • Measures against gender-based violence including sexual harassment
            • Measures mitigating the effect of COVID-19
            • Data collection and monitoring
            • Training: awareness-raising and capacity building
            • GEP development and implementation
            • Gender-sensitive research funding procedures
          • Success factors for GEP development and implementation
          • Challenges & resistance
        • WHERE
          • Austria
          • Belgium
          • Bulgaria
          • Croatia
          • Cyprus
          • Czechia
          • Denmark
          • Estonia
          • Finland
          • France
          • Germany
          • Greece
          • Hungary
          • Ireland
          • Italy
          • Latvia
          • Lithuania
          • Luxembourg
          • Malta
          • Netherlands
          • Poland
          • Portugal
          • Romania
          • Slovakia
          • Slovenia
          • Spain
          • Sweden
          • United Kingdom
      • Gender-sensitive Parliaments
        • Back to toolkit page
        • What is the tool for?
        • Who is the tool for?
        • How to use the tool
        • Self-assessment, scoring and interpretation of parliament gender-sensitivity
          • AREA 1 – Women and men have equal opportunities to ENTER the parliament
            • Domain 1 – Electoral system and gender quotas
            • Domain 2 - Political party/group procedures
            • Domain 3 – Recruitment of parliamentary employees
          • AREA 2 – Women and men have equal opportunities to INFLUENCE the parliament’s working procedures
            • Domain 1 – Parliamentarians’ presence and capacity in a parliament
            • Domain 2 – Structure and organisation
            • Domain 3 – Staff organisation and procedures
          • AREA 3 – Women’s interests and concerns have adequate SPACE on parliamentary agenda
            • Domain 1 – Gender mainstreaming structures
            • Domain 2 – Gender mainstreaming tools in parliamentary work
            • Domain 3 – Gender mainstreaming tools for staff
          • AREA 4 – The parliament produces gender-sensitive LEGISLATION
            • Domain 1 – Gender equality laws and policies
            • Domain 2 – Gender mainstreaming in laws
            • Domain 3 – Oversight of gender equality
          • AREA 5 – The parliament complies with its SYMBOLIC function
            • Domain 1 – Symbolic meanings of spaces
            • Domain 2 – Gender equality in external communication and representation
        • How gender-sensitive are parliaments in the EU?
        • Examples of gender-sensitive practices in parliaments
          • Women and men have equal opportunities to ENTER the parliament
          • Women and men have equal opportunities to INFLUENCE the parliament’s working procedures
          • Women’s interests and concerns have adequate SPACE on parliamentary agenda
          • The parliament produces gender-sensitive LEGISLATION
          • The parliament complies with its SYMBOLIC function
        • Glossary of terms
        • References and resources
      • Gender Budgeting
        • Back to toolkit page
        • A chi è destinato questo kit di strumenti?
        • Che cos’è il bilancio di genere?
          • Introduzione al bilancio di genere
          • Qual è il nesso tra il bilancio di genere e le realtà vissute da uomini e donne?
          • Che cosa comporta nella pratica il bilancio di genere?
          • Il bilancio di genere nei fondi UE
            • Il bilancio di genere quale strumento per ottemperare agli obblighi giuridici dell’UE
            • Il bilancio di genere quale strumento per promuovere l’assunzione di responsabilità e la trasparenza nella pianificazione e nella gestione delle finanze pubbliche
            • Il bilancio di genere come strumento per aumentare la partecipazione di donne e uomini alle procedure di bilancio
            • Il bilancio di genere quale strumento per promuovere la parità di genere per donne e uomini in tutta la loro diversità
        • Perché il bilancio di genere è importante nell’ambito dei fondi europei in regime di gestione concorrente?
          • Tre motivi per cui il bilancio di genere è fondamentale nei fondi UE
        • Come si può applicare il bilancio di genere nei fondi UE? Strumenti pratici ed esempi di Stati membri
          • Strumento 1 — Collegare i fondi UE al quadro normativo dell’UE sulla parità di genere
            • Base legislativa e normativa per le politiche dell’UE in materia di parità di genere
            • Requisiti concreti per tenere conto della parità di genere all’interno dei fondi UE
            • Condizioni abilitanti dei fondi UE
            • Risorse supplementari
          • Strumento 2 — Analizzare le disuguaglianze e le esigenze di genere a livello nazionale e regionale
            • Misure per valutare e analizzare le disuguaglianze e le esigenze di genere
            • Fase 1. Raccogliere informazioni e dati disaggregati relativi al gruppo di riferimento
            • Fase 2. Individuare le disparità di genere esistenti e le cause soggiacenti
            • Fase 3. Consultare direttamente i gruppi di riferimento
            • Fase 4. Trarre conclusioni
            • Risorse supplementari
          • Strumento 3 — Applicare la parità di genere agli obiettivi politici (accordi di partenariato) e agli obiettivi e misure specifici (programmi operativi)
            • Misure per tradurre in azioni concrete la parità di genere negli accordi di partenariato e nei programmi operativi
            • Orientamenti generali per applicare la parità di genere nell’elaborazione di obiettivi strategici e obiettivi e misure specifici
            • Lista di controllo per l’applicazione pratica del principio orizzontale della parità di genere negli accordi di partenariato
            • Lista di controllo per l’applicazione pratica del principio orizzontale della parità di genere nei programmi operativi
            • Esempi di integrazione della parità di genere come principio orizzontale negli obiettivi strategici e specifici
          • Strumento 4 — Coordinamento e complementarità tra i fondi UE per promuovere l’equilibrio tra vita professionale e vita privata
            • Misure per rafforzare il coordinamento e le complementarità tra i fondi
            • Fase 1 — Allineamento agli obiettivi dell’impegno strategico per la parità di genere
            • Fasi 2 e 3 — Individuare e sviluppare possibili interventi a favore dell’equilibrio tra vita professionale e vita privata
            • Fase 4 — Attività di verifica mediante l’uso di indicatori nell’ambito dei sistemi di sorveglianza e valutazione (M&E)
            • Studio di caso fittizio 1: conciliare il lavoro retribuito con la cura dei figli
            • Studio di caso fittizio 2: conciliare il lavoro a turni con la cura dei figli
            • Caso di studio fittizio 3: trovare l’equilibrio tra la cura di sé stessi e la cura degli altri
            • Caso di studio fittizio 4: conciliare la cura dei figli e degli anziani con il lavoro a turni
            • Risorse supplementari
          • Strumento 5 — Definizione di partenariati e governance multilivello: individuazione di partner pertinenti, ruolo degli esperti di genere e composizione dei comitati di sorveglianza
            • Misure per definire i partenariati e governance multilivello
            • Risorse supplementari
          • Strumento 6 — Sviluppare indicatori quantitativi e qualitativi per promuovere l’uguaglianza di genere
            • Fasi dell’elaborazione di indicatori quantitativi e qualitativi
            • FESR e Fondo di coesione (stessi indicatori comuni)
            • Fondo sociale europeo Plus
            • Fondo europeo per gli affari marittimi e la pesca
            • Risorse supplementari
          • Strumento 7 — Definire criteri di selezione dei progetti sensibili alla dimensione di genere
            • Analisi delle fasi per sostenere l’elaborazione e la selezione di progetti sensibili alla dimensione di genere
            • Lista di controllo per la preparazione degli inviti a presentare proposte di progetti
            • Lista di controllo per i criteri di selezione dei progetti
            • Strumento supplementare 7.a — Accordi che tengano conto della dimensione di genere con i responsabili dell’attuazione dei progetti
          • Strumento 8 — Controllare le assegnazioni di risorse per l’uguaglianza di genere nei fondi UE
            • Ensuring gender relevance in EU Funds
            • The tracking system
            • Steps for tracking resource allocations on gender equality
            • Step 1: Ex ante approach
            • Step 2: Ex post approach
            • Examples of Step 2a
            • Annex 1: Ex ante assignment of intervention fields to the gender equality dimension codes
            • Annex 2: The EU’s gender equality legal and policy framework
          • Strumento 9 — Integrare la parità di genere nella concezione dei progetti
            • Analisi delle fasi per integrare la parità di genere nella concezione dei progetti
            • Fase 1. Allineamento agli obiettivi e agli indicatori di genere degli accordi di partenariato e dei programmi operativi
            • Fase 2. Sviluppo del progetto e candidatura
            • Fase 3. Attuazione del progetto
            • Fase 4. Valutazione del progetto
          • Strumento 10 — Integrare una prospettiva di genere nei processi di sorveglianza e valutazione
            • Misure per integrare una prospettiva di genere nei processi di sorveglianza e valutazione
            • Risorse supplementari
          • Strumento 11 — Rendicontazione sull’esborso di risorse per la parità di genere nei fondi UE
            • Tracciamento delle spese per l’uguaglianza di genere
            • Risorse supplementari
          • Bibliografia
          • Acronimi
          • Ringraziamenti
      • Gender-responsive Public Procurement
        • Back to toolkit page
        • Who is this toolkit for?
          • Guiding you through the toolkit
        • What is gender-responsive public procurement?
          • How is gender-responsive public procurement linked to gender equality?
          • How is gender-responsive public procurement linked to gender budgeting?
          • Five reasons why gender-responsive public procurement
          • Why was this toolkit produced
        • Gender-responsive public procurement in practice
          • Legal framework cross-references gender equality and public procurement
          • Public procurement strategies cover GRPP
          • Gender equality action plans or strategies mention public procurement
          • Capacity-building programmes, support structures
          • Regular collaboration between gender equality bodies
          • Effective monitoring and reporting systems on the use of GRPP
          • Tool 1:Self-assessment questionnaire about the legal
          • Tool 2: Overview of the legislative, regulatory and policy frameworks
        • How to include gender aspects in tendering procedures
          • Pre-procurement stage
            • Needs assessment
            • Tool 3: Decision tree to assess the gender relevance
            • Preliminary market consultation
            • Tool 4: Guiding questions for needs assessment
            • Defining the subject matter of the contract
            • Choosing the procedure
            • Tool 5: Decision tree for the choice of procedure for GRPP
            • Dividing the contract into lots
            • Tool 6: Guiding questions for dividing contracts into lots for GRPP
            • Light regime for social, health and other specific services
            • Tool 7: Guiding questions for applying GRPP under the light regime
            • Tool 8: Guiding questions for applying GRPP under the light regime
            • Reserved contracts
            • Preparing tender documents
          • Procurement stage
            • Exclusion grounds
            • Selection criteria
            • Technical specifications
            • Tool 9: Decision tree for setting GRPP selection criteria
            • Award criteria
            • Tool 10: Formulating GRPP award criteria
            • Tool 11: Bidders’ concepts to ensure the integration of gender aspects
            • Use of labels/certifications
          • Post-procurement stage
            • Tool 12: Checklist for including GRPP contract performance conditions
            • Subcontracting
            • Monitoring
            • Reporting
            • Tool 13: Template for a GRPP monitoring and reporting plan
        • References
        • Additional resources
    • Methods and tools
      • Browse
      • About EIGE's methods and tools
      • Gender analysis
      • Gender audit
      • Gender awareness-raising
      • Gender budgeting
      • Gender impact assessment
      • Gender equality training
      • Gender evaluation
      • Gender statistics and indicators
      • Gender monitoring
      • Gender planning
      • Gender-responsive public procurement
      • Gender stakeholder consultation
      • Sex-disaggregated data
      • Institutional transformation
      • Examples of methods and tools
      • Resources
    • Good practices
      • Browse
      • About good practices
      • EIGE’s approach to good practices
    • Country specific information
      • Belgium
        • Overview
        • Browse all Belgium content
      • Bulgaria
        • Overview
        • Browse all Bulgaria content
      • Czechia
        • Overview
        • Browse all Czechia content
      • Denmark
        • Overview
        • Browse all Denmark content
      • Germany
        • Overview
        • Browse all Germany content
      • Estonia
        • Overview
        • Browse all Estonia content
      • Ireland
        • Overview
        • Browse all Ireland content
      • Greece
        • Overview
        • Browse all Greece content
      • Spain
        • Overview
        • Browse all Spain content
      • France
        • Overview
        • Browse all France content
      • Croatia
        • Overview
        • Browse all Croatia content
      • Italy
        • Overview
        • Browse all Italy content
      • Cyprus
        • Overview
        • Browse all Cyprus content
      • Latvia
        • Overview
        • Browse all Latvia content
      • Lithuania
        • Overview
        • Browse all Lithuania content
      • Luxembourg
        • Overview
        • Browse all Luxembourg content
      • Hungary
        • Overview
        • Browse all Hungary content
      • Malta
        • Overview
        • Browse all Malta content
      • Netherlands
        • Overview
        • Browse all Netherlands content
      • Austria
        • Overview
        • Browse all Austria content
      • Poland
        • Overview
        • Browse all Poland content
      • Portugal
        • Overview
        • Browse all Portugal content
      • Romania
        • Overview
        • Browse all Romania content
      • Slovenia
        • Overview
        • Browse all Slovenia content
      • Slovakia
        • Overview
        • Browse all Slovakia content
      • Finland
        • Overview
        • Browse all Finland content
      • Sweden
        • Overview
        • Browse all Sweden content
      • United Kingdom
        • Overview
    • EIGE’s publications on Gender mainstreaming
    • Concepts and definitions
    • Power Up conference 2019
  • Gender-based violence
    • What is gender-based violence?
    • Forms of violence
    • EIGE’s work on gender-based violence
    • Administrative data collection
      • Data collection on violence against women
      • About the tool
      • Administrative data sources
      • Advanced search
    • Analysis of EU directives from a gendered perspective
    • Costs of gender-based violence
    • Cyber violence against women
    • Femicide
    • Intimate partner violence and witness intervention
    • Female genital mutilation
      • Risk estimations
    • Risk assessment and risk management by police
      • Risk assessment principles and steps
          • Principle 1: Prioritising victim safety
          • Principle 2: Adopting a victim-centred approach
          • Principle 3: Taking a gender-specific approach
          • Principle 4: Adopting an intersectional approach
          • Principle 5: Considering children’s experiences
          • Step 1: Define the purpose and objectives of police risk assessment
          • Step 2: Identify the most appropriate approach to police risk assessment
          • Step 3: Identify the most relevant risk factors for police risk assessment
          • Step 4: Implement systematic police training and capacity development
          • Step 5: Embed police risk assessment in a multiagency framework
          • Step 6: Develop procedures for information management and confidentiality
          • Step 7: Monitor and evaluate risk assessment practices and outcomes
      • Risk management principles and recommendations
        • Principle 1. Adopting a gender-specific approach
        • Principle 2. Introducing an individualised approach to risk management
        • Principle 3. Establishing an evidence-based approach
        • Principle 4. Underpinning the processes with an outcome-focused approach
        • Principle 5. Delivering a coordinated, multiagency response
      • Legal and policy framework
      • Tools and approaches
      • Areas for improvement
      • References
    • Good practices in EU Member States
    • Methods and tools in EU Member States
    • White Ribbon Campaign
      • About the White Ribbon Campaign
      • White Ribbon Ambassadors
    • Regulatory and legal framework
      • International regulations
      • EU regulations
      • Strategic framework on violence against women 2015-2018
      • Legal Definitions in the EU Member States
    • Literature and legislation
    • EIGE's publications on gender-based violence
    • Videos
  • Gender Equality Index
    • View countries
    • Compare countries
    • Thematic Focus
    • About Index
    • Publications
    • Index 2021 Conference
    • Index Game
    • Videos
  • Gender Statistics Database
    • Browse Gender Statistics
    • Data talks
    • FAQs
    • About
    • Search
  • Beijing Platform for Action
  • Countries
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    • Slovenia
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  • Topics
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      • Covid-19 and gender equality
    • Violence
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  • About EIGE
    • EIGE's organisation
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    • Our work
      • Stakeholders
      • EU candidate countries and potential candidates
        • About the IPA project
        • Examples from the region
          • Browse
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        • Gender equality indices in the Western Balkans and Turkey
        • Gender statistics in the Western Balkans and Turkey
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  • EIGE’s publications
    • Gender-sensitive Communication
      • Overview of the toolkit
      • First steps towards more inclusive language
        • Terms you need to know
        • Why should I ever mention gender?
        • Choosing whether to mention gender
        • Key principles for inclusive language use
      • Challenges
        • Stereotypes
          • Avoid gendered pronouns (he or she) when the person’s gender is unknown
          • Avoid irrelevant information about gender
          • Avoid gendered stereotypes as descriptive terms
          • Gendering in-animate objects
          • Using different adjectives for women and men
          • Avoid using stereotypical images
        • Invisibility and omission
          • Do not use ‘man’ as the neutral term
          • Do not use ‘he’ to refer to unknown people
          • Do not use gender-biased nouns to refer to groups of people
          • Take care with ‘false generics’
          • Greetings and other forms of inclusive communication
        • Subordination and trivialisation
          • Naming conventions
          • Patronising language
      • Test your knowledge
        • Quiz 1: Policy document
        • Quiz 2: Job description
        • Quiz 3: Legal text
      • Practical tools
        • Solutions for how to use gender-sensitive language
        • Pronouns
        • Invisibility or omission
        • Common gendered nouns
        • Adjectives
        • Phrases
      • Policy context
    • Work-life balance in the ICT sector
      • Back to toolkit page
      • EU policies on work-life balance
      • Women in the ICT sector
      • The argument for work-life balance measures
        • Challenges
      • Step-by-step approach to building a compelling business case
        • Step 1: Identify national work-life balance initiatives and partners
        • Step 2: Identify potential resistance and find solutions
        • Step 3: Maximise buy-in from stakeholders
        • Step 4: Design a solid implementation plan
        • Step 5: Carefully measure progress
        • Step 6: Highlight benefits and celebrate early wins
      • Toolbox for planning work-life balance measures in ICT companies
      • Work–life balance checklist
    • Gender Equality Index 2019. Work-life balance
      • Back to toolkit page
      • Foreword
      • Highlights
      • Introduction
        • Still far from the finish line
        • Snail’s-pace progress on gender equality in the EU continues
        • More women in decision-making drives progress
        • Convergence on gender equality in the EU
      • 2. Domain of work
        • Gender equality inching slowly forward in a fast-changing world of work
        • Women dominate part-time employment, consigning them to jobs with poorer career progression
        • Motherhood, low education and migration are particular barriers to work for women
      • 3. Domain of money
        • Patchy progress on gender-equal access to financial and economic resources
        • Paying the price for motherhood
        • Lifetime pay inequalities fall on older women
      • 4. Domain of knowledge
        • Gender equality in education standing still even as women graduates outnumber men graduates
        • Both women and men limit their study fields
        • Adult learning stalls most when reskilling needs are greatest
      • 5. Domain of time
        • Enduring burden of care perpetuates inequalities for women
        • Uneven impact of family life on women and men
      • 6. Domain of power
        • More women in decision-making but still a long way to go
        • Democracy undermined by absence of gender parity in politics
        • More gender equality on corporate boards — but only in a few Member States
        • Limited opportunities for women to influence social and cultural decision-making
      • 7. Domain of health
        • Behavioural change in health is key to tackling gender inequalities
        • Women live longer but in poorer health
        • Lone parents and people with disabilities are still without the health support they need
      • 8. Domain of violence
        • Data gaps mask the true scale of gender-based violence in the EU
        • Backlash against gender equality undermines legal efforts to end violence against women
        • Conceptual framework
        • Parental-leave policies
        • Informal care of older people, people with disabilities and long-term care services
        • Informal care of children and childcare services
        • Transport and public infrastructure
        • Flexible working arrangements
        • Lifelong learning
      • 10. Conclusions
    • Sexism at work
      • Background
        • What is sexism?
        • What is the impact of sexism at work?
        • Where does sexism come from?
        • Sexism at work
        • What happens when you violate sexist expectations?
        • What is sexual harassment?
        • Violating sexist expectations can lead to sexual harassment
        • Under-reporting of sexual harassment
      • Part 2. Test yourself
        • How can I combat sexism? A ten-step programme for managers
        • How can all staff create cultural change
        • How can I report a problem?
        • Eradicating sexism to change the face of the EU
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My personal story

PrintDownload as PDF
Narrative
Šalis: France
Sex:
Female
Primary Topic:
CHILDHOOD / FAMILY LIFE / RELATIONSHIPS
Metai:
2000, 2010

R: I was looking for a job with children, abroad, as an au pair, in Britain, and I felt advantaged as a girl. I found that… the ads were pretty clear, for girls, nothing special was asked, actually… And it was asked to the boys, to hold some degree in relation with children or…
(...)

R: People certainly consider that girls have an easier contact with children, something more natural. And maybe also… there is some apprehension, some notion of danger, attached to the relationship of boys – or men, with children, that parents may feel when leaving their children to a man’s care.
(...)

R: (...) I know girls who have no strong maternal streak and other who feel much more comfortable with children. Nowadays, although it is still difficult, there are more and more women who claim for the right not to be a mother, not to bear children… So things are in a process of change.
(...)

R: I think we should keep… that’s natural, I think, for a woman to take care of her child, but that’s the same for a father. He does it as good as a woman does, even if she bore the child – so you can talk of something that really comes from the womb, I don’t know, but still… I think that it’s necessary to include men in the education of children, be it for their equilibrium or for a better task balance, because there are more and more women who want a career.

French

I: C'est à vous.

R: Je pars sur quoi, alors, sur la première histoire?

I: Oui, sur celle que vous avez évoquée en premier.

R: Donc, en cherchant un travail auprès des enfants à l'étranger, en tant que jeune fille au pair en Angleterre, je me suis sentie favorisée en tant que fille (rire). Enfin, j'ai trouvé que c'était, enfin... les demandes étaient claires, en fait, il était clairement demandé aux filles... bah, rien. Et aux garçons, s'ils avaient un diplôme dans l'animation ou le BAFA ou...

I: Ça vous a sauté aux yeux rapidement?

R: Ah, ben c'était écrit : pour les garçons, BAFA, oui ou non?

I: Et qu'est-ce qui a attiré votre attention là-dessus, c'est le fait que vous aviez un copain qui cherchait...?

R: Non, pas spécialement, mais je pensais qu'il fallait le BAFA pour tout le monde, mais en fait, non, c'était pas demandé aux filles. Donc moi, ça m'intéressait...

I: Et comment vous expliquez ça, qu'on ne demande pas le BAFA aux filles?

R: On estime peut-être que les filles ont un contact plus aisé avec les enfants, et plus naturel. Et qu'elles sont... peut-être il y a une notion de danger qui est évoqué dans la relation des garçons, ou des hommes, avec les enfants, que les parents pourraient avoir en confiant leurs enfants à des hommes. Peut-être qu'ils ont moins que (pour) les filles, ce qui me paraît pas non plus très...

I: Justement, qu'est-ce que vous en pensez, de la première des deux suppositions, c'est-à-dire celle qui a trait au fait que ça soit, que le contact des filles avec les enfants soit plus naturel?

R: Je pense que ça dépend des personnes. Je connais des filles qu'ont pas du tout la fibre maternelle, et d'autres qui se sentent bien plus à l'aise. Surtout actuellement où on est dans une période - c'est encore difficile - mais il y a de plus en plus de femmes qui revendiquent le droit de pas vouloir être mère, le droit de pas vouloir enfanter... Donc, c'est en cours de changement. C'est encore difficile, parce qu'il y a encore une pression, je trouve, sur les femmes, à être mères, à la maternité en général, mais après...

I: Et vous, votre rapport justement par exemple, après cette expérience d'au pair, c'était votre premier contact avec les enfants ou vous-même vous vous êtes occupée d'enfants?

R: Oui, je me suis occupée d'enfant, ben chez moi de mes frères, de cousins, d'enfants en baby-sitting...

I: Et c'était dans le... parce que vous m'expliquiez que votre projet de partir comme jeune fille au pair c'était d'abord pour pratiquer une langue : pour pratiquer l'anglais... c'était également, entre guillemets pour d'autres motifs, pour des motifs alimentaires que vous étiez amenée à vous occuper d'enfants, par ailleurs?

R: C'était intéressant dans le sens où je pouvais apprendre la langue sans avoir à payer de logement...

I: D'accord, mais même, je veux dire, même avant ça, quand vous vous occupiez de cousins...

R: Ah! Ben non, c'était un peu d'argent de poche, mais c'était plus du plaisir... c'était du plaisir avec de l'argent de poche! (rire).

I: D'accord.

R: Mais j'en ai pas eu "besoin" non plus, j'ai pas eu besoin du fait de restrictions budgétaires chez moi ou pour moi, donc j'avais pas besoin spécialement, mais voilà c'est quelque-chose que j'aimais bien faire, parce que ça rendait service et que moi ça me faisait plaisir.

I: Et du fait d'avoir 3 frères et sœurs, vous êtes à quel...?

R: L'aînée.

I: Vous êtes l'aînée. Et donc, avec une différence d'âge importante, ou pas?

R: Y a 7 ans avec le dernier. Mais les deux derniers, j'ai souvent eu à m'en occuper, même plus jeune, en fait. Parce qu'à 4, y a du monde en fait.

I: Et comment c'est venu, le fait de vous occuper de vos...

R: Bah c'était naturel. Mais parce que voilà, je pense avoir personnellement, un contact assez naturel avec les enfants, mais après c'est pas, pour ma part, c'est pas quelque chose qui doit être spécialement lié au fait d'être une fille.

I: D'accord. Et donc, plus généralement, entre ces expériences dans le milieu familial et votre expérience d'au pair, et en référence à ce que vous disiez, à savoir que les garçons, on leur demandait, enfin qu'il y avait peut-être pas les mêmes attentes et les mêmes appréhensions vis-à-vis d'eux : votre point de vue, peut-être pour conclure sur cette histoire-là, votre point de vue sur ça, même par rapport au futur, au fait d'être mère vous-même, plus tard, etc., vous avez quel regard, comment vous le résumeriez?

R: Sur la répartition entre les hommes et les femmes?

I: Oui.

R: Je pense qu'il faut continuer à... c'est naturel, je pense, pour une mère de s'occuper de son enfant, mais pour un père aussi. Il le fait aussi bien que la femme, même si la mère l'a porté - on peut parler de quelque-chose... l'envie des entrailles, ou j'en sais rien, mais après, c'est ... je pense qu'il faut continuer à impliquer les hommes dans l'éducation des enfants, simplement pour l'équilibre des enfants, pour une meilleure répartition des tâches, parce qu'il y a de plus en plus de demandes de femmes d'avoir une carrière. Moi c'est quelque-chose qui m'intéresserait aussi, de pouvoir travailler plus tard et d'élever des enfants. Donc seule, c'est beaucoup moins possible, et beaucoup moins facile qu'avec un compagnon qui nous aide. Donc, voilà.

Metadata

Other Topic categories:
EDUCATION
IDENTITY
PROFESSIONAL CAREER
Key actors: 
myself, employer
Raktažodžiai:
childcare, family life, household assistance, motherhood, roles/role pattern, support, degree/diploma, different treatment, femininity, competences, occupation/job, promotion/selection, reconciliation private/professional
Female, 22 France

Gender did matter

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