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Gender mainstreaming

  • What is Gender mainstreaming
    • Policy cycle
  • Institutions and structures
    • European Union
    • EU Member States
    • Stakeholders
    • International organizations
  • Policy areas
    • Agriculture and rural development
      • Policy cycle
    • Culture
      • Policy cycle
    • Digital agenda
      • Policy cycle
    • Economic and financial affairs
      • #3 Steps Forward
        • How can you make a difference?
      • Economic Benefits of Gender Equality in the EU
      • Policy cycle
    • Education
      • Policy cycle
    • Employment
      • Policy cycle
      • Structures
    • Energy
      • Policy cycle
    • Entrepreneurship
      • Policy cycle
    • Environment and climate change
      • Policy cycle
    • Health
      • Policy cycle
    • Justice
      • Policy cycle
    • Maritime affairs and fisheries
      • Policy cycle
    • Migration
      • Policy cycle
    • Poverty
      • Policy cycle
    • Regional policy
      • Policy cycle
    • Research
      • Policy cycle
    • Security
      • Policy cycle
    • Sport
      • Policy cycle
    • Tourism
      • Policy cycle
    • Transport
      • Policy cycle
    • Youth
      • Policy cycle
  • Toolkits
    • Gender Equality Training
      • Back to toolkit page
      • What is Gender Equality Training
      • Why invest in Gender Equality Training
      • Who should use Gender Equality Training
      • Step-by-step guide to Gender Equality Training
        • Preparation phase
          • 1. Assess the needs
          • 2. Integrate initiatives to broader strategy
          • 3. Ensure sufficient resources
          • 4. Write good terms of reference
          • 5. Select a trainer
        • Implementation phase
          • 6. Engage in the needs assessment
          • 7. Actively participate in the initiative
          • 8. Invite others to join in
          • 9. Monitoring framework and procedures
        • Evaluation and follow-up phase
          • 10. Set up an evaluation framework
          • 11. Assess long-term impacts
          • 12. Give space and support others
      • Designing effective Gender Equality Training
      • Gender Equality Training in the EU
      • Good Practices on Gender Equality Training
      • More resources on Gender Equality Training
      • More on EIGE's work on Gender Equality Training
    • Gender Impact Assessment
      • Back to toolkit page
      • What is Gender Impact Assessment
      • Why use Gender Impact Assessment
      • Who should use Gender Impact Assessment
      • When to use Gender Impact Assessment
      • Guide to Gender Impact Assessment
        • Step 1: Definition of policy purpose
        • Step 2: Checking gender relevance
        • Step 3: Gender-sensitive analysis
        • Step 4: Weighing gender impact
        • Step 5: Findings and proposals for improvement
      • Following up on gender impact assessment
      • General considerations
      • Examples from the EU
        • European Union
          • European Commission
        • National level
          • Austria
          • Belgium
          • Denmark
          • Finland
          • Sweden
        • Regional level
          • Basque country
          • Catalonia
        • Local level
          • Lower Saxony
          • Swedish municipalities
    • Institutional Transformation
      • Back to toolkit page
      • What is Institutional Transformation
        • Institutional transformation and gender: Key points
        • Gender organisations
        • Types of institutions
        • Gender mainstreaming and institutional transformation
        • Dimensions of gender mainstreaming in institutions: The SPO model
      • Why focus on Institutional Transformation
        • Motivation model
      • Who the guide is for
      • Guide to Institutional Transformation
        • Preparation phase
          • 1. Creating accountability and strengthening commitment
          • 2. Allocating resources
          • 3. Conducting an organisational analysis
          • 4. Developing a strategy and work plan
        • Implementation phase
          • 5. Establishing a support structure
          • 6. Setting gender equality objectives
          • 7. Communicating gender mainstreaming
          • 8. Introducing gender mainstreaming
          • 9. Developing gender equality competence
          • 10. Establishing a gender information management system
          • 11. Launching gender equality action plans
          • 12. Promotional equal opportunities
        • Evaluation and follow-up phase
          • 13. Monitoring and steering organisational change
      • Dealing with resistance
        • Discourse level
        • Individual level
        • Organisational level
        • Statements and reactions
      • Checklist: Key questions for change
      • Examples from the EU
        • Preparation phase
          • 1. Strengthening accountability
          • 2. Allocating resources
          • 3. Organisational analysis
          • 4. Developing a strategy and working plan
        • Implementation phase
          • 5. Establishing a support structure
          • 6. Setting objectives
          • 7. Communicating gender mainstreaming
          • 8. Introducing methods and tools
          • 9. Developing Competence
          • 10. Establishing a gender information management system
          • 11. Launching action plans
          • 12. Promoting within an organisation
        • Evaluation and follow-up phase
          • 13. Monitoring and evaluating
    • Gender Equality in Academia and Research
      • Back to toolkit page
      • WHAT
        • What is a Gender Equality Plan?
        • Terms and definitions
        • Which stakeholders need to be engaged into a GEP
        • About the Gear Tool
      • WHY
        • Horizon Europe GEP criterion
        • Gender Equality in Research and Innovation
        • Why change must be structural
        • Rationale for gender equality change in research and innovation
      • HOW
        • GEAR step-by-step guide for research organisations, universities and public bodies
          • Step 1: Getting started
          • Step 2: Analysing and assessing the state-of-play in the institution
          • Step 3: Setting up a Gender Equality Plan
          • Step 4: Implementing a Gender Equality Plan
          • Step 5: Monitoring progress and evaluating a Gender Equality Plan
          • Step 6: What comes after the Gender Equality Plan?
        • GEAR step-by-step guide for research funding bodies
          • Step 1: Getting started
          • Step 2: Analysing and assessing the state-of-play in the institution
          • Step 3: Setting up a Gender Equality Plan
          • Step 4: Implementing a Gender Equality Plan
          • Step 5: Monitoring progress and evaluating a Gender Equality Plan
          • Step 6: What comes after the Gender Equality Plan?
        • GEAR action toolbox
          • Work-life balance and organisational culture
          • Gender balance in leadership and decision making
          • Gender equality in recruitment and career progression
          • Integration of the sex/gender dimension into research and teaching content
          • Measures against gender-based violence including sexual harassment
          • Measures mitigating the effect of COVID-19
          • Data collection and monitoring
          • Training: awareness-raising and capacity building
          • GEP development and implementation
          • Gender-sensitive research funding procedures
        • Success factors for GEP development and implementation
        • Challenges & resistance
      • WHERE
        • Austria
        • Belgium
        • Bulgaria
        • Croatia
        • Cyprus
        • Czechia
        • Denmark
        • Estonia
        • Finland
        • France
        • Germany
        • Greece
        • Hungary
        • Ireland
        • Italy
        • Latvia
        • Lithuania
        • Luxembourg
        • Malta
        • Netherlands
        • Poland
        • Portugal
        • Romania
        • Slovakia
        • Slovenia
        • Spain
        • Sweden
        • United Kingdom
    • Gender-sensitive Parliaments
      • Back to toolkit page
      • What is the tool for?
      • Who is the tool for?
      • How to use the tool
      • Self-assessment, scoring and interpretation of parliament gender-sensitivity
        • AREA 1 – Women and men have equal opportunities to ENTER the parliament
          • Domain 1 – Electoral system and gender quotas
          • Domain 2 - Political party/group procedures
          • Domain 3 – Recruitment of parliamentary employees
        • AREA 2 – Women and men have equal opportunities to INFLUENCE the parliament’s working procedures
          • Domain 1 – Parliamentarians’ presence and capacity in a parliament
          • Domain 2 – Structure and organisation
          • Domain 3 – Staff organisation and procedures
        • AREA 3 – Women’s interests and concerns have adequate SPACE on parliamentary agenda
          • Domain 1 – Gender mainstreaming structures
          • Domain 2 – Gender mainstreaming tools in parliamentary work
          • Domain 3 – Gender mainstreaming tools for staff
        • AREA 4 – The parliament produces gender-sensitive LEGISLATION
          • Domain 1 – Gender equality laws and policies
          • Domain 2 – Gender mainstreaming in laws
          • Domain 3 – Oversight of gender equality
        • AREA 5 – The parliament complies with its SYMBOLIC function
          • Domain 1 – Symbolic meanings of spaces
          • Domain 2 – Gender equality in external communication and representation
      • How gender-sensitive are parliaments in the EU?
      • Examples of gender-sensitive practices in parliaments
        • Women and men have equal opportunities to ENTER the parliament
        • Women and men have equal opportunities to INFLUENCE the parliament’s working procedures
        • Women’s interests and concerns have adequate SPACE on parliamentary agenda
        • The parliament produces gender-sensitive LEGISLATION
        • The parliament complies with its SYMBOLIC function
      • Glossary of terms
      • References and resources
    • Gender Budgeting
      • Back to toolkit page
      • A chi è destinato questo kit di strumenti?
      • Che cos’è il bilancio di genere?
        • Introduzione al bilancio di genere
        • Qual è il nesso tra il bilancio di genere e le realtà vissute da uomini e donne?
        • Che cosa comporta nella pratica il bilancio di genere?
        • Il bilancio di genere nei fondi UE
          • Il bilancio di genere quale strumento per ottemperare agli obblighi giuridici dell’UE
          • Il bilancio di genere quale strumento per promuovere l’assunzione di responsabilità e la trasparenza nella pianificazione e nella gestione delle finanze pubbliche
          • Il bilancio di genere come strumento per aumentare la partecipazione di donne e uomini alle procedure di bilancio
          • Il bilancio di genere quale strumento per promuovere la parità di genere per donne e uomini in tutta la loro diversità
      • Perché il bilancio di genere è importante nell’ambito dei fondi europei in regime di gestione concorrente?
        • Tre motivi per cui il bilancio di genere è fondamentale nei fondi UE
      • Come si può applicare il bilancio di genere nei fondi UE? Strumenti pratici ed esempi di Stati membri
        • Strumento 1 — Collegare i fondi UE al quadro normativo dell’UE sulla parità di genere
          • Base legislativa e normativa per le politiche dell’UE in materia di parità di genere
          • Requisiti concreti per tenere conto della parità di genere all’interno dei fondi UE
          • Condizioni abilitanti dei fondi UE
          • Risorse supplementari
        • Strumento 2 — Analizzare le disuguaglianze e le esigenze di genere a livello nazionale e regionale
          • Misure per valutare e analizzare le disuguaglianze e le esigenze di genere
          • Fase 1. Raccogliere informazioni e dati disaggregati relativi al gruppo di riferimento
          • Fase 2. Individuare le disparità di genere esistenti e le cause soggiacenti
          • Fase 3. Consultare direttamente i gruppi di riferimento
          • Fase 4. Trarre conclusioni
          • Risorse supplementari
        • Strumento 3 — Applicare la parità di genere agli obiettivi politici (accordi di partenariato) e agli obiettivi e misure specifici (programmi operativi)
          • Misure per tradurre in azioni concrete la parità di genere negli accordi di partenariato e nei programmi operativi
          • Orientamenti generali per applicare la parità di genere nell’elaborazione di obiettivi strategici e obiettivi e misure specifici
          • Lista di controllo per l’applicazione pratica del principio orizzontale della parità di genere negli accordi di partenariato
          • Lista di controllo per l’applicazione pratica del principio orizzontale della parità di genere nei programmi operativi
          • Esempi di integrazione della parità di genere come principio orizzontale negli obiettivi strategici e specifici
        • Strumento 4 — Coordinamento e complementarità tra i fondi UE per promuovere l’equilibrio tra vita professionale e vita privata
          • Misure per rafforzare il coordinamento e le complementarità tra i fondi
          • Fase 1 — Allineamento agli obiettivi dell’impegno strategico per la parità di genere
          • Fasi 2 e 3 — Individuare e sviluppare possibili interventi a favore dell’equilibrio tra vita professionale e vita privata
          • Fase 4 — Attività di verifica mediante l’uso di indicatori nell’ambito dei sistemi di sorveglianza e valutazione (M&E)
          • Studio di caso fittizio 1: conciliare il lavoro retribuito con la cura dei figli
          • Studio di caso fittizio 2: conciliare il lavoro a turni con la cura dei figli
          • Caso di studio fittizio 3: trovare l’equilibrio tra la cura di sé stessi e la cura degli altri
          • Caso di studio fittizio 4: conciliare la cura dei figli e degli anziani con il lavoro a turni
          • Risorse supplementari
        • Strumento 5 — Definizione di partenariati e governance multilivello: individuazione di partner pertinenti, ruolo degli esperti di genere e composizione dei comitati di sorveglianza
          • Misure per definire i partenariati e governance multilivello
          • Risorse supplementari
        • Strumento 6 — Sviluppare indicatori quantitativi e qualitativi per promuovere l’uguaglianza di genere
          • Fasi dell’elaborazione di indicatori quantitativi e qualitativi
          • FESR e Fondo di coesione (stessi indicatori comuni)
          • Fondo sociale europeo Plus
          • Fondo europeo per gli affari marittimi e la pesca
          • Risorse supplementari
        • Strumento 7 — Definire criteri di selezione dei progetti sensibili alla dimensione di genere
          • Analisi delle fasi per sostenere l’elaborazione e la selezione di progetti sensibili alla dimensione di genere
          • Lista di controllo per la preparazione degli inviti a presentare proposte di progetti
          • Lista di controllo per i criteri di selezione dei progetti
          • Strumento supplementare 7.a — Accordi che tengano conto della dimensione di genere con i responsabili dell’attuazione dei progetti
        • Strumento 8 — Controllare le assegnazioni di risorse per l’uguaglianza di genere nei fondi UE
          • Ensuring gender relevance in EU Funds
          • The tracking system
          • Steps for tracking resource allocations on gender equality
          • Step 1: Ex ante approach
          • Step 2: Ex post approach
          • Examples of Step 2a
          • Annex 1: Ex ante assignment of intervention fields to the gender equality dimension codes
          • Annex 2: The EU’s gender equality legal and policy framework
        • Strumento 9 — Integrare la parità di genere nella concezione dei progetti
          • Analisi delle fasi per integrare la parità di genere nella concezione dei progetti
          • Fase 1. Allineamento agli obiettivi e agli indicatori di genere degli accordi di partenariato e dei programmi operativi
          • Fase 2. Sviluppo del progetto e candidatura
          • Fase 3. Attuazione del progetto
          • Fase 4. Valutazione del progetto
        • Strumento 10 — Integrare una prospettiva di genere nei processi di sorveglianza e valutazione
          • Misure per integrare una prospettiva di genere nei processi di sorveglianza e valutazione
          • Risorse supplementari
        • Strumento 11 — Rendicontazione sull’esborso di risorse per la parità di genere nei fondi UE
          • Tracciamento delle spese per l’uguaglianza di genere
          • Risorse supplementari
      • Risorse
        • Bibliografia
        • Acronimi
        • Ringraziamenti
    • Gender-responsive Public Procurement
      • Back to toolkit page
      • Who is this toolkit for?
        • Guiding you through the toolkit
      • What is gender-responsive public procurement?
        • How is gender-responsive public procurement linked to gender equality?
        • How is gender-responsive public procurement linked to gender budgeting?
      • Why is gender-responsive public procurement important?
        • Five reasons why gender-responsive public procurement
        • Why was this toolkit produced
      • Gender-responsive public procurement in practice
        • Legal framework cross-references gender equality and public procurement
        • Public procurement strategies cover GRPP
        • Gender equality action plans or strategies mention public procurement
        • Capacity-building programmes, support structures
        • Regular collaboration between gender equality bodies
        • Effective monitoring and reporting systems on the use of GRPP
        • Tool 1:Self-assessment questionnaire about the legal
        • Tool 2: Overview of the legislative, regulatory and policy frameworks
      • How to include gender aspects in tendering procedures
        • Pre-procurement stage
          • Needs assessment
          • Tool 3: Decision tree to assess the gender relevance
          • Preliminary market consultation
          • Tool 4: Guiding questions for needs assessment
          • Defining the subject matter of the contract
          • Choosing the procedure
          • Tool 5: Decision tree for the choice of procedure for GRPP
          • Dividing the contract into lots
          • Tool 6: Guiding questions for dividing contracts into lots for GRPP
          • Light regime for social, health and other specific services
          • Tool 7: Guiding questions for applying GRPP under the light regime
          • Tool 8: Guiding questions for applying GRPP under the light regime
          • Reserved contracts
          • Preparing tender documents
        • Procurement stage
          • Exclusion grounds
          • Selection criteria
          • Technical specifications
          • Tool 9: Decision tree for setting GRPP selection criteria
          • Award criteria
          • Tool 10: Formulating GRPP award criteria
          • Tool 11: Bidders’ concepts to ensure the integration of gender aspects
          • Use of labels/certifications
        • Post-procurement stage
          • Tool 12: Checklist for including GRPP contract performance conditions
          • Subcontracting
          • Monitoring
          • Reporting
          • Tool 13: Template for a GRPP monitoring and reporting plan
      • References
      • Additional resources
  • Methods and tools
    • Browse
    • About EIGE's methods and tools
    • Gender analysis
    • Gender audit
    • Gender awareness-raising
    • Gender budgeting
    • Gender impact assessment
    • Gender equality training
    • Gender-responsive evaluation
    • Gender statistics and indicators
    • Gender monitoring
    • Gender planning
    • Gender-responsive public procurement
    • Gender stakeholder consultation
    • Sex-disaggregated data
    • Institutional transformation
    • Examples of methods and tools
    • Resources
  • Good practices
    • Browse
    • About good practices
    • EIGE’s approach to good practices
  • Country specific information
    • Belgium
      • Overview
    • Bulgaria
      • Overview
    • Czechia
      • Overview
    • Denmark
      • Overview
    • Germany
      • Overview
    • Estonia
      • Overview
    • Ireland
      • Overview
    • Greece
      • Overview
    • Spain
      • Overview
    • France
      • Overview
    • Croatia
      • Overview
    • Italy
      • Overview
    • Cyprus
      • Overview
    • Latvia
      • Overview
    • Lithuania
      • Overview
    • Luxembourg
      • Overview
    • Hungary
      • Overview
    • Malta
      • Overview
    • Netherlands
      • Overview
    • Austria
      • Overview
    • Poland
      • Overview
    • Portugal
      • Overview
    • Romania
      • Overview
    • Slovenia
      • Overview
    • Slovakia
      • Overview
    • Finland
      • Overview
    • Sweden
      • Overview
  • EIGE’s publications on Gender mainstreaming
  • Concepts and definitions
  • Power Up conference 2019
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  • Menu
  • Gender mainstreaming
    • What is Gender mainstreaming
      • Policy cycle
    • Institutions and structures
      • European Union
      • EU Member States
      • Stakeholders
      • International organizations
    • Policy areas
      • Agriculture and rural development
        • Policy cycle
      • Culture
        • Policy cycle
      • Digital agenda
        • Policy cycle
      • Economic and financial affairs
        • #3 Steps Forward
          • How can you make a difference?
        • Economic Benefits of Gender Equality in the EU
        • Policy cycle
      • Education
        • Policy cycle
      • Employment
        • Policy cycle
        • Structures
      • Energy
        • Policy cycle
      • Entrepreneurship
        • Policy cycle
      • Environment and climate change
        • Policy cycle
      • Health
        • Policy cycle
      • Justice
        • Policy cycle
      • Maritime affairs and fisheries
        • Policy cycle
      • Migration
        • Policy cycle
      • Poverty
        • Policy cycle
      • Regional policy
        • Policy cycle
      • Research
        • Policy cycle
      • Security
        • Policy cycle
      • Sport
        • Policy cycle
      • Tourism
        • Policy cycle
      • Transport
        • Policy cycle
      • Youth
        • Policy cycle
    • Toolkits
      • Gender Equality Training
        • Back to toolkit page
        • What is Gender Equality Training
        • Why invest in Gender Equality Training
        • Who should use Gender Equality Training
        • Step-by-step guide to Gender Equality Training
            • 1. Assess the needs
            • 2. Integrate initiatives to broader strategy
            • 3. Ensure sufficient resources
            • 4. Write good terms of reference
            • 5. Select a trainer
            • 6. Engage in the needs assessment
            • 7. Actively participate in the initiative
            • 8. Invite others to join in
            • 9. Monitoring framework and procedures
            • 10. Set up an evaluation framework
            • 11. Assess long-term impacts
            • 12. Give space and support others
        • Designing effective Gender Equality Training
        • Gender Equality Training in the EU
        • Good Practices on Gender Equality Training
        • More resources on Gender Equality Training
        • More on EIGE's work on Gender Equality Training
      • Gender Impact Assessment
        • Back to toolkit page
        • What is Gender Impact Assessment
        • Why use Gender Impact Assessment
        • Who should use Gender Impact Assessment
        • When to use Gender Impact Assessment
        • Guide to Gender Impact Assessment
          • Step 1: Definition of policy purpose
          • Step 2: Checking gender relevance
          • Step 3: Gender-sensitive analysis
          • Step 4: Weighing gender impact
          • Step 5: Findings and proposals for improvement
        • Following up on gender impact assessment
        • General considerations
        • Examples from the EU
            • European Commission
            • Austria
            • Belgium
            • Denmark
            • Finland
            • Sweden
            • Basque country
            • Catalonia
            • Lower Saxony
            • Swedish municipalities
      • Institutional Transformation
        • Back to toolkit page
        • What is Institutional Transformation
          • Institutional transformation and gender: Key points
          • Gender organisations
          • Types of institutions
          • Gender mainstreaming and institutional transformation
          • Dimensions of gender mainstreaming in institutions: The SPO model
        • Why focus on Institutional Transformation
          • Motivation model
        • Who the guide is for
        • Guide to Institutional Transformation
            • 1. Creating accountability and strengthening commitment
            • 2. Allocating resources
            • 3. Conducting an organisational analysis
            • 4. Developing a strategy and work plan
            • 5. Establishing a support structure
            • 6. Setting gender equality objectives
            • 7. Communicating gender mainstreaming
            • 8. Introducing gender mainstreaming
            • 9. Developing gender equality competence
            • 10. Establishing a gender information management system
            • 11. Launching gender equality action plans
            • 12. Promotional equal opportunities
            • 13. Monitoring and steering organisational change
        • Dealing with resistance
          • Discourse level
          • Individual level
          • Organisational level
          • Statements and reactions
        • Checklist: Key questions for change
        • Examples from the EU
            • 1. Strengthening accountability
            • 2. Allocating resources
            • 3. Organisational analysis
            • 4. Developing a strategy and working plan
            • 5. Establishing a support structure
            • 6. Setting objectives
            • 7. Communicating gender mainstreaming
            • 8. Introducing methods and tools
            • 9. Developing Competence
            • 10. Establishing a gender information management system
            • 11. Launching action plans
            • 12. Promoting within an organisation
            • 13. Monitoring and evaluating
      • Gender Equality in Academia and Research
        • Back to toolkit page
        • WHAT
          • What is a Gender Equality Plan?
          • Terms and definitions
          • Which stakeholders need to be engaged into a GEP
          • About the Gear Tool
        • WHY
          • Horizon Europe GEP criterion
          • Gender Equality in Research and Innovation
          • Why change must be structural
          • Rationale for gender equality change in research and innovation
          • GEAR step-by-step guide for research organisations, universities and public bodies
            • Step 1: Getting started
            • Step 2: Analysing and assessing the state-of-play in the institution
            • Step 3: Setting up a Gender Equality Plan
            • Step 4: Implementing a Gender Equality Plan
            • Step 5: Monitoring progress and evaluating a Gender Equality Plan
            • Step 6: What comes after the Gender Equality Plan?
          • GEAR step-by-step guide for research funding bodies
            • Step 1: Getting started
            • Step 2: Analysing and assessing the state-of-play in the institution
            • Step 3: Setting up a Gender Equality Plan
            • Step 4: Implementing a Gender Equality Plan
            • Step 5: Monitoring progress and evaluating a Gender Equality Plan
            • Step 6: What comes after the Gender Equality Plan?
          • GEAR action toolbox
            • Work-life balance and organisational culture
            • Gender balance in leadership and decision making
            • Gender equality in recruitment and career progression
            • Integration of the sex/gender dimension into research and teaching content
            • Measures against gender-based violence including sexual harassment
            • Measures mitigating the effect of COVID-19
            • Data collection and monitoring
            • Training: awareness-raising and capacity building
            • GEP development and implementation
            • Gender-sensitive research funding procedures
          • Success factors for GEP development and implementation
          • Challenges & resistance
        • WHERE
          • Austria
          • Belgium
          • Bulgaria
          • Croatia
          • Cyprus
          • Czechia
          • Denmark
          • Estonia
          • Finland
          • France
          • Germany
          • Greece
          • Hungary
          • Ireland
          • Italy
          • Latvia
          • Lithuania
          • Luxembourg
          • Malta
          • Netherlands
          • Poland
          • Portugal
          • Romania
          • Slovakia
          • Slovenia
          • Spain
          • Sweden
          • United Kingdom
      • Gender-sensitive Parliaments
        • Back to toolkit page
        • What is the tool for?
        • Who is the tool for?
        • How to use the tool
        • Self-assessment, scoring and interpretation of parliament gender-sensitivity
          • AREA 1 – Women and men have equal opportunities to ENTER the parliament
            • Domain 1 – Electoral system and gender quotas
            • Domain 2 - Political party/group procedures
            • Domain 3 – Recruitment of parliamentary employees
          • AREA 2 – Women and men have equal opportunities to INFLUENCE the parliament’s working procedures
            • Domain 1 – Parliamentarians’ presence and capacity in a parliament
            • Domain 2 – Structure and organisation
            • Domain 3 – Staff organisation and procedures
          • AREA 3 – Women’s interests and concerns have adequate SPACE on parliamentary agenda
            • Domain 1 – Gender mainstreaming structures
            • Domain 2 – Gender mainstreaming tools in parliamentary work
            • Domain 3 – Gender mainstreaming tools for staff
          • AREA 4 – The parliament produces gender-sensitive LEGISLATION
            • Domain 1 – Gender equality laws and policies
            • Domain 2 – Gender mainstreaming in laws
            • Domain 3 – Oversight of gender equality
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Cheap loans for Croatia’s women entrepreneurs

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Good practice
Šalis: Croatia
Section:
Entrepreneurship
Temos:
Entrepreneurship
Period:
2011 - 2014
Publication date:
06 Kovas 2015
Women Entrepreneurs’ Loan Programme

In brief

The Women Entrepreneurs’ Loan Programme is an innovative loan programme initiated in response to low levels of women’s employment and entrepreneurship in Croatia. It was set up by the Croatian Bank for Reconstruction and Development (HBOR) in cooperation with the Ministry of Entrepreneurship and Crafts (which provides funds for interest-rate subsidies) and the Croatian Agency for SMEs and Investments (HAMAG Invest) which provides guarantees to female entrepreneurs undertaking loans. Twenty-two commercial banks which operate in Croatia are taking part in the programme as well.

The programme targets trade and craft companies, sole proprietorships, co-operatives and institutes which are majority-owned and led by women. It makes favourable loans to women entrepreneurs to invest in initial funding, land, buildings, plant and machinery, breed stock and planting perennial crops, development of products or services, patents, licenses, copyrights, franchises, etc., and also to provide permanent working capital (up to 30% of the total loan). The loan conditions are much more favourable than the current situation on the market.

Altogether, 261 projects had been approved by the end of June 2014, and the amount lent totalled €15.912.329, – (on average €61,000 per project). Most applicants were in the service sector.

Narrowing the gender gap in business

The Women Entrepreneurs’ Loan Programme is an innovative loan programme set up by the Croatian Bank for Reconstruction and Development (HBOR) in cooperation with the Ministry of Entrepreneurship and Crafts (which provides funds for interest-rate subsidies), and the Croatian Agency for SMEs and Investments (HAMAG Invest) which provides guarantees to female entrepreneurs undertaking loans. The programme also involves 22 commercial banks which operate in Croatia.

The programme is open to trade and craft companies, sole proprietorships, co-operatives and institutes which are majority-owned and led by women. Its main aims are to encourage the establishment and development of small and medium-sized businesses owned by women, to increase the number of female entrepreneurs, to create conditions for the greater involvement of women in the economy and to create a favourable entrepreneurial climate.

The programme was initiated in 2011 as part of the National Policy for Gender Equality 2011-2015, which addresses the unfavourable position of women at the labour market and includes the promotion of women’s entrepreneurship among its measures. The policy statement lists the HBOR as one of the key stakeholders in that respect. Other relevant policy documents are the Strategy for Development of Women’s Entrepreneurship in Croatia 2010-2013 (which includes an Action Plan for Implementation of the Strategy, 2010-2013), and the Law on Gender Equality. The need to promote women’s entrepreneurship and employment have become critical due to the prolonged economic crisis (which has lasted since 2009, with little sign of recovery so far) and particularly low employment rate. The total employment rate was 55.4% in 2012 in Croatia (68.4% in EU28), and the women’s employment rate was only 50.2% (62.3% in EU28).

Within this context, and though several incentives in the area of women’s entrepreneurship had been implemented by state agencies and NGOs, the HBOR established this programme which has become the biggest in terms of funding and number of users. The most important aspect of the programme is interest rate subsidies, which are funded from the state budget, through the Ministry of Entrepreneurship and Crafts.

The relevance of the programme derives not only from employment data, but also from those pointing to the rate of entrepreneurship in general and the gender gap in the area of entrepreneurship. According to the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor 2012 Global Report, the established business ownership rate was only 3% (as against 7% in the EU). Croatia has similar rates of necessity-driven and opportunity-driven entrepreneurship, while in the EU as a whole opportunity-driven rate is higher. Among adults, male ‘total early-stage entrepreneurial activity’ (TEA)[1] was 12%, and female 5% in 2012. In this context of the low employment rate and unfavourable economic position of women in Croatia the programme contributes to the employ­ment and economic empowerment of women.

The programme’s implementation has been based on the intention to encourage and promote women’s entrepreneurship and gender equality, but there are insufficient data to assess its long-term effects. However, the programme’s effect is visible in the increased number of women who use guarantee schemes and risk capital funds for innovative projects.

Low-interest loans

The initiative makes available favourable loans for capital expenditure in women’s businesses: it may cover initial funding, land, buildings, plant and machinery, breed stock and planting perennial crops, development of products or services, patents, licenses, copyrights, franchises, as well as permanent working capital (up to 30% of the loan amount).

The loan conditions are much more favourable than the current situation on the market: the loan amount can range from 80,000 to 700,000 HRK (€10,000 to €90,000), with an interest rate of 4% per year minus the subsidies which can be up to 2% per year. There is a grace period of up to two or up to five years, and a repayment period of 12 years, with a possibility to finance up to 100% of the investment.

Each application is analysed according to the procedure required by other loan programmes, which means that in addition to checking the required documents, the economic and financial viability, the reality of the input data, sensitivity, etc. are also analysed.

The number of applications approved in 2011 was 32, of which 10 were from novice entrepreneurs,. In 2012 the number of applications approved grew to 86, of which 34 were submitted by novice entrepreneurs. By June 2014 it had approved 261 loans. The average loan was for €61,000 and the total amount lent was €15,912,329. The programme continues till the end of 2014.

The majority of the applicants are in the service sector, including personal services, health care, legal and accounting activities, manufacture of food products, vegetable and animal production, hunting and related services, and food, beverage and accommodation services, while there are significantly fewer applications from the manufacturing sector.

Working with stakeholders

The programme’s success has been to cooperate successfully with stakeholders in complimentary initiatives and those identified in the National Policy for Gender Equality. Cooperation with EBRD BAS Croatia (European Bank for Reconstruction and Development Business Advisory Services) within the BAS Women in Business framework allowed valuable joint promotion, exchange of information and mutual references. HAMAG Invest provided guarantees which were vital for start-up entrepreneurs. Subsidies from the state budget and the support of the Ministry of Entre­preneurship and Crafts made it possible to have one of the lowest interest rate on the market.

However this dependence on state organisations also represents a threat to the programme’s sustainability. In 2012 HAMAG Invest merged its Women Entrepreneurs Guarantee Programme into its newly adopted guarantee scheme. Also the ministry stopped providing its interest rate subsidies in the middle of 2013. However the HBOR continued to provide one of the most favourable interest rates on the market (2%) on its own and is planning to do so until the end of 2014. Thereafter, the future of the programme is uncertain. At the same time, the ministry itself launched a comprehensive SME programme in 2013. It has no separate line for women, but applications from women are scored preferentially. Being a woman (if a women has owned more than 51% of the company for at least one year) scores a bonus of 15 points out of 100, and being a woman, Roma, a person with disabilities, etc. brings a bonus of up to 30 points.

Another possible obstacle to the programme’s continuation is that the lack of monitoring and evaluation, and of statistical data in general, makes it difficult to provide evidence of the programme’s results.

Two lessons stand out. First, guarantees are vital for start-up business. Secondly, it is important to involve key stakeholders and decision-makers throughout the programme implementation, on the basis of a very clear political commitment to directly address women’s entrepreneurship.

[1] GEM defines TEA as the percentage of the 18-64 population who are either a nascent entrepreneur or the owner-manager of a new business

Contacts/Further Information

Contacts

Ivana Grahovac

HBOR

Strossmayerov trg 9

10000 Zagreb

Croatia
+385 1 45 91 605

msp@hbor.hr

Further information

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News and achievements of the HBOR Loan Programme

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Cheap loans for Croatia’s women entrepreneurs - Croatia
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  • In brief
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  • Low-interest loans
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