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Gender mainstreaming

  • What is Gender mainstreaming
    • Policy cycle
  • Institutions and structures
    • European Union
    • EU Member States
    • Stakeholders
    • International organizations
  • Policy areas
    • Agriculture and rural development
      • Policy cycle
    • Culture
      • Policy cycle
    • Digital agenda
      • Policy cycle
    • Economic and financial affairs
      • Economic Benefits of Gender Equality in the EU
      • Policy cycle
    • Education
      • Policy cycle
    • Employment
      • Policy cycle
      • Structures
    • Energy
      • Policy cycle
    • Entrepreneurship
      • Policy cycle
    • Environment and climate change
      • Policy cycle
    • Health
      • Policy cycle
    • Justice
      • Policy cycle
    • Maritime affairs and fisheries
      • Policy cycle
    • Migration
      • Policy cycle
    • Poverty
      • Policy cycle
    • Regional policy
      • Policy cycle
    • Research
      • Policy cycle
    • Security
      • Policy cycle
    • Sport
      • Policy cycle
    • Tourism
      • Policy cycle
    • Transport
      • Policy cycle
    • Youth
      • Policy cycle
  • Toolkits
    • Gender Equality Training
      • Back to toolkit page
      • What is Gender Equality Training
      • Why invest in Gender Equality Training
      • Who should use Gender Equality Training
      • Step-by-step guide to Gender Equality Training
        • Preparation phase
          • 1. Assess the needs
          • 2. Integrate initiatives to broader strategy
          • 3. Ensure sufficient resources
          • 4. Write good terms of reference
          • 5. Select a trainer
        • Implementation phase
          • 6. Engage in the needs assessment
          • 7. Actively participate in the initiative
          • 8. Invite others to join in
          • 9. Monitoring framework and procedures
        • Evaluation and follow-up phase
          • 10. Set up an evaluation framework
          • 11. Assess long-term impacts
          • 12. Give space and support others
      • Designing effective Gender Equality Training
      • Gender Equality Training in the EU
      • Good Practices on Gender Equality Training
      • More resources on Gender Equality Training
      • More on EIGE's work on Gender Equality Training
    • Gender Impact Assessment
      • Back to toolkit page
      • What is Gender Impact Assessment
      • Why use Gender Impact Assessment
      • Who should use Gender Impact Assessment
      • When to use Gender Impact Assessment
      • Guide to Gender Impact Assessment
        • Step 1: Definition of policy purpose
        • Step 2: Checking gender relevance
        • Step 3: Gender-sensitive analysis
        • Step 4: Weighing gender impact
        • Step 5: Findings and proposals for improvement
      • Following up on gender impact assessment
      • General considerations
      • Examples from the EU
        • European Union
          • European Commission
        • National level
          • Austria
          • Belgium
          • Denmark
          • Finland
          • Sweden
        • Regional level
          • Basque country
          • Catalonia
        • Local level
          • Lower Saxony
          • Swedish municipalities
    • Institutional Transformation
      • Back to toolkit page
      • What is Institutional Transformation
        • Institutional transformation and gender: Key points
        • Gender organisations
        • Types of institutions
        • Gender mainstreaming and institutional transformation
        • Dimensions of gender mainstreaming in institutions: The SPO model
      • Why focus on Institutional Transformation
        • Motivation model
      • Who the guide is for
      • Guide to Institutional Transformation
        • Preparation phase
          • 1. Creating accountability and strengthening commitment
          • 2. Allocating resources
          • 3. Conducting an organisational analysis
          • 4. Developing a strategy and work plan
        • Implementation phase
          • 5. Establishing a support structure
          • 6. Setting gender equality objectives
          • 7. Communicating gender mainstreaming
          • 8. Introducing gender mainstreaming
          • 9. Developing gender equality competence
          • 10. Establishing a gender information management system
          • 11. Launching gender equality action plans
          • 12. Promotional equal opportunities
        • Evaluation and follow-up phase
          • 13. Monitoring and steering organisational change
      • Dealing with resistance
        • Discourse level
        • Individual level
        • Organisational level
        • Statements and reactions
      • Checklist: Key questions for change
      • Examples from the EU
        • Preparation phase
          • 1. Strengthening accountability
          • 2. Allocating resources
          • 3. Organisational analysis
          • 4. Developing a strategy and working plan
        • Implementation phase
          • 5. Establishing a support structure
          • 6. Setting objectives
          • 7. Communicating gender mainstreaming
          • 8. Introducing methods and tools
          • 9. Developing Competence
          • 10. Establishing a gender information management system
          • 11. Launching action plans
          • 12. Promoting within an organisation
        • Evaluation and follow-up phase
          • 13. Monitoring and evaluating
    • Gender Equality in Academia and Research
      • Back to toolkit page
      • WHAT
        • What is a Gender Equality Plan?
        • Terms and definitions
        • Which stakeholders need to be engaged into a GEP
        • About the Gear Tool
      • WHY
        • Horizon Europe GEP criterion
        • Gender Equality in Research and Innovation
        • Why change must be structural
        • Rationale for gender equality change in research and innovation
      • HOW
        • GEAR step-by-step guide for research organisations, universities and public bodies
          • Step 1: Getting started
          • Step 2: Analysing and assessing the state-of-play in the institution
          • Step 3: Setting up a Gender Equality Plan
          • Step 4: Implementing a Gender Equality Plan
          • Step 5: Monitoring progress and evaluating a Gender Equality Plan
          • Step 6: What comes after the Gender Equality Plan?
        • GEAR step-by-step guide for research funding bodies
          • Step 1: Getting started
          • Step 2: Analysing and assessing the state-of-play in the institution
          • Step 3: Setting up a Gender Equality Plan
          • Step 4: Implementing a Gender Equality Plan
          • Step 5: Monitoring progress and evaluating a Gender Equality Plan
          • Step 6: What comes after the Gender Equality Plan?
        • GEAR action toolbox
          • Work-life balance and organisational culture
          • Gender balance in leadership and decision making
          • Gender equality in recruitment and career progression
          • Integration of the sex/gender dimension into research and teaching content
          • Measures against gender-based violence including sexual harassment
          • Measures mitigating the effect of COVID-19
          • Data collection and monitoring
          • Training: awareness-raising and capacity building
          • GEP development and implementation
          • Gender-sensitive research funding procedures
        • Success factors for GEP development and implementation
        • Challenges & resistance
      • WHERE
        • Austria
        • Belgium
        • Bulgaria
        • Croatia
        • Cyprus
        • Czechia
        • Denmark
        • Estonia
        • Finland
        • France
        • Germany
        • Greece
        • Hungary
        • Ireland
        • Italy
        • Latvia
        • Lithuania
        • Luxembourg
        • Malta
        • Netherlands
        • Poland
        • Portugal
        • Romania
        • Slovakia
        • Slovenia
        • Spain
        • Sweden
        • United Kingdom
    • Gender-sensitive Parliaments
      • Back to toolkit page
      • What is the tool for?
      • Who is the tool for?
      • How to use the tool
      • Self-assessment, scoring and interpretation of parliament gender-sensitivity
        • AREA 1 – Women and men have equal opportunities to ENTER the parliament
          • Domain 1 – Electoral system and gender quotas
          • Domain 2 - Political party/group procedures
          • Domain 3 – Recruitment of parliamentary employees
        • AREA 2 – Women and men have equal opportunities to INFLUENCE the parliament’s working procedures
          • Domain 1 – Parliamentarians’ presence and capacity in a parliament
          • Domain 2 – Structure and organisation
          • Domain 3 – Staff organisation and procedures
        • AREA 3 – Women’s interests and concerns have adequate SPACE on parliamentary agenda
          • Domain 1 – Gender mainstreaming structures
          • Domain 2 – Gender mainstreaming tools in parliamentary work
          • Domain 3 – Gender mainstreaming tools for staff
        • AREA 4 – The parliament produces gender-sensitive LEGISLATION
          • Domain 1 – Gender equality laws and policies
          • Domain 2 – Gender mainstreaming in laws
          • Domain 3 – Oversight of gender equality
        • AREA 5 – The parliament complies with its SYMBOLIC function
          • Domain 1 – Symbolic meanings of spaces
          • Domain 2 – Gender equality in external communication and representation
      • How gender-sensitive are parliaments in the EU?
      • Examples of gender-sensitive practices in parliaments
        • Women and men have equal opportunities to ENTER the parliament
        • Women and men have equal opportunities to INFLUENCE the parliament’s working procedures
        • Women’s interests and concerns have adequate SPACE on parliamentary agenda
        • The parliament produces gender-sensitive LEGISLATION
        • The parliament complies with its SYMBOLIC function
      • Glossary of terms
      • References and resources
    • Gender Budgeting
      • Back to toolkit page
      • Für wen ist dieses Toolkit gedacht?
      • Warum ist die Berücksichtigung des Gleichstellungsaspekts bei der Haushaltsplanung für die europäischen Fonds in geteilter Verwaltung von Bedeutung?
        • Drei Gründe, warum es wichtig ist, den Gleichstellungsaspekt bei der Haushaltsplanung für die EU-Fonds zu berücksichtigen
      • Was ist die Berücksichtigung von Gleichstellungsaspekten bei der Haushaltsplanung?
        • Einführung der Berücksichtigung des Gleichstellungsaspekts bei der Haushaltsplanung
        • Was hat die Berücksichtigung des Gleichstellungsaspekts bei der Haushaltsplanung mit den Lebenswirklichkeiten von Frauen und Männern zu tun?
        • Was umfasst die Berücksichtigung des Gleichstellungsaspekts bei der Haushaltsplanung in der Praxis?
        • Berücksichtigung des Gleichstellungsaspekts bei der Haushaltsplanung im Rahmen der EU-Fonds
          • Berücksichtigung des Gleichstellungsaspekts bei der Haushaltsplanung als Form der Einhaltung von EU-Rechtsvorschriften
          • Berücksichtigung des Gleichstellungsaspekts bei der Haushaltsplanung als eine Form der Förderung der Rechenschaftspflicht und Transparenz bei der öffentlichen Haushaltsplanung und Verwaltung
          • Die Berücksichtigung des Gleichstellungsaspekts bei der Haushaltsplanung als Weg, um die Teilnahme von Frauen und Männern an den Haushaltsverfahren zu steigern
          • Die Berücksichtigung des Gleichstellungsaspekts bei der Haushaltsplanung als Weg zur Förderung der Gleichstellung von Frauen und Männern in ihrer gesamten Vielfalt
      • Wie können wir den Gleichstellungsaspekt bei der Haushaltsplanung im Rahmen der EU‑Fonds berücksichtigen? Praktische Instrumente und Beispiele aus den Mitgliedstaaten
        • Instrument 1: Verknüpfung der EU-Fonds mit dem EU-Rechtsrahmen zur Geschlechtergleichstellung
          • Gesetzgeberische und gesetzliche Grundlage für die Gleichstellungspolitik der EU
          • Konkrete Anforderungen für die Berücksichtigung der Geschlechtergleichstellung innerhalb der EU-Fonds
          • Grundlegende Voraussetzungen der EU-Fonds
          • Zusätzliche Ressourcen
        • Instrument 2: Analyse der geschlechtsspezifischen Ungleichheiten und Bedürfnisse auf nationaler und subnationaler Ebene
          • Schritte zur Bewertung und Analyse der geschlechtsspezifischen Ungleichheiten und Bedürfnisse
          • Schritt 1: Erfassung von Informationen und aufgeschlüsselten Daten zur Zielgruppe
          • Schritt 2: Ermittlung der vorhandenen geschlechtsspezifischen Ungleichheiten und der zugrunde liegenden Ursachen
          • Schritt 3: Direkter Austausch mit den Zielgruppen
          • Schritt 4. Schlussfolgerungen ziehen
          • Zusätzliche Ressourcen
        • Instrument 3: Operationalisierung der Geschlechtergleichstellung in den politischen Zielsetzungen (in Partnerschaftsvereinbarungen) und spezifischen Zielsetzungen/ Maßnahmen (in operationellen Programmen)
          • Schritte zur Operationalisierung der Geschlechtergleichstellung in Partnerschaftsvereinbarungen und operationellen Programmen
          • Allgemeine Leitlinien zur Operationalisierung der Geschlechtergleichstellung bei der Entwicklung der politischen Zielsetzungen, spezifischen Ziele und Maßnahmen
          • Checkliste für die Umsetzung des bereichsübergreifenden Grundsatzes der Gleichstellung der Geschlechter in Partnerschaftsvereinbarungen
          • Checkliste für die Umsetzung des bereichsübergreifenden Grundsatzes der Gleichstellung der Geschlechter in operationellen Programmen
          • Beispiele für die Integration der Geschlechtergleichstellung als bereichsübergreifender Grundsatz in die politischen Ziele und spezifischen Zielsetzungen
        • Instrument 4: Koordinierung der EU-Fonds zur Verbesserung der Vereinbarkeit von Beruf und Privatleben und Komplementaritäten zwischen diesen Fonds
          • Schritte zur Verbesserung der Koordinierung und Komplementarität zwischen den Fonds
          • Schritt 1: Ausrichtung an den Zielen der EU des strategischen Engagements für die Gleichstellung der Geschlechter und an den nationalen Zielen für die Geschlechtergleichstellung
          • Schritte 2 und 3: Ermittlung und Entwicklung möglicher Interventionen zur Verbesserung der Vereinbarkeit von Beruf und Privatleben
          • Schritt 4: Nachbereitung durch die Verwendung von Indikatoren im Rahmen der Überwachungs- und Evaluierungssysteme
          • Fiktive Fallstudie 1: Vereinbarkeit von bezahlter Arbeit und Kinderbetreuung
          • Fiktive Fallstudie 2: Vereinbarkeit von Schichtarbeit und Kinderbetreuung
          • Fiktive Fallstudie 3: Ausgleich zwischen Versorgungsarbeit für sich und andere
          • Fiktive Fallstudie 4: Vereinbarkeit von Pflege und Betreuung von Kindern und älteren Personen mit der Schichtarbeit
          • Zusätzliche Ressourcen
        • Instrument 5: Festlegung von Partnerschaften und Steuerung auf mehreren Ebenen – Identifizierung der relevanten Partnerinnen und Partner, die Rolle von Gleichstellungsexpertinnen und -experten und die Zusammensetzung der Überwachungsausschüsse
          • Schritte für die Festlegung von Partnerschaften und Steuerung auf mehreren Ebenen
          • Zusätzliche Ressourcen
        • Instrument 6: Ausarbeitung von quantitativen und qualitativen Indikatoren für die Förderung der Geschlechtergleichstellung
          • Schritte für die Entwicklung von quantitativen und qualitativen Indikatoren
          • EFRE und Kohäsionsfonds (die gleichen gemeinsamen Indikatoren)
          • Europäischer Sozialfonds Plus
          • Europäischer Meeres- und Fischereifonds
          • Zusätzliche Ressourcen
        • Instrument 7: Festlegung der gleichstellungsorientierten Kriterien für die Auswahl der Vorhaben
          • Schritte zur Unterstützung der gleichstellungsorientierten Entwicklung und Auswahl von Vorhaben
          • Checkliste für die Ausarbeitung von Aufforderungen zur Einreichung von Vorschlägen für Vorhaben
          • Checkliste für die Kriterien zur Auswahl der Vorhaben
          • Zusätzliches Instrument 7.a: Geschlechtergerechte Vereinbarungen mit den Projektträgern
        • Instrument 8: Nachverfolgung der Mittelzuweisungen für die Geschlechtergleichstellung bei den EU-Fonds
          • Ensuring gender relevance in EU Funds
          • The tracking system
          • Steps for tracking resource allocations on gender equality
          • Step 1: Ex ante approach
          • Step 2: Ex post approach
          • Examples of Step 2a
          • Annex 1: Ex ante assignment of intervention fields to the gender equality dimension codes
          • Annex 2: The EU’s gender equality legal and policy framework
        • Instrument 9: Einbeziehung der Geschlechtergleichstellung bei der Konzipierung des Projekts
          • Schritte für die Einbeziehung der Geschlechtergleichstellung bei der Konzipierung des Projekts
          • Schritt 1: Ausrichtung an den Gleichstellungszielen und Indikatoren der Partnerschaftsvereinbarungen und operationellen Programme
          • Schritt 2: Entwicklung des Vorhabens und Antrag
          • Schritt 3. Umsetzung des Vorhabens
          • Schritt 4. Beurteilung des Vorhabens
        • Instrument 10: Berücksichtigung der Geschlechterperspektive bei den Überwachungs- und Evaluierungsverfahren
          • Schritte zur Einbeziehung der Geschlechterperspektive in die Überwachungs- und Evaluierungsverfahren
          • Zusätzliche Ressourcen
        • Instrument 11: Berichterstattung zur Mittelverwendung für die Geschlechtergleichstellung im Rahmen der EU-Fonds
          • Nachverfolgung der Ausgaben für die Geschlechtergleichstellung
          • Zusätzliche Ressourcen
      • Ressourcen
        • Literaturverzeichnis
        • Abkürzungen
        • Danksagung
    • Gender-responsive Public Procurement
      • Back to toolkit page
      • Who is this toolkit for?
        • Guiding you through the toolkit
      • What is gender-responsive public procurement?
        • How is gender-responsive public procurement linked to gender equality?
        • How is gender-responsive public procurement linked to gender budgeting?
      • Why is gender-responsive public procurement important?
        • Five reasons why gender-responsive public procurement
        • Why was this toolkit produced
      • Gender-responsive public procurement in practice
        • Legal framework cross-references gender equality and public procurement
        • Public procurement strategies cover GRPP
        • Gender equality action plans or strategies mention public procurement
        • Capacity-building programmes, support structures
        • Regular collaboration between gender equality bodies
        • Effective monitoring and reporting systems on the use of GRPP
        • Tool 1:Self-assessment questionnaire about the legal
        • Tool 2: Overview of the legislative, regulatory and policy frameworks
      • How to include gender aspects in tendering procedures
        • Pre-procurement stage
          • Needs assessment
          • Tool 3: Decision tree to assess the gender relevance
          • Preliminary market consultation
          • Tool 4: Guiding questions for needs assessment
          • Defining the subject matter of the contract
          • Choosing the procedure
          • Tool 5: Decision tree for the choice of procedure for GRPP
          • Dividing the contract into lots
          • Tool 6: Guiding questions for dividing contracts into lots for GRPP
          • Light regime for social, health and other specific services
          • Tool 7: Guiding questions for applying GRPP under the light regime
          • Tool 8: Guiding questions for applying GRPP under the light regime
          • Reserved contracts
          • Preparing tender documents
        • Procurement stage
          • Exclusion grounds
          • Selection criteria
          • Technical specifications
          • Tool 9: Decision tree for setting GRPP selection criteria
          • Award criteria
          • Tool 10: Formulating GRPP award criteria
          • Tool 11: Bidders’ concepts to ensure the integration of gender aspects
          • Use of labels/certifications
        • Post-procurement stage
          • Tool 12: Checklist for including GRPP contract performance conditions
          • Subcontracting
          • Monitoring
          • Reporting
          • Tool 13: Template for a GRPP monitoring and reporting plan
      • References
      • Additional resources
  • Methods and tools
    • Browse
    • About EIGE's methods and tools
    • Gender analysis
    • Gender audit
    • Gender awareness-raising
    • Gender budgeting
    • Gender impact assessment
    • Gender equality training
    • Gender evaluation
    • Gender statistics and indicators
    • Gender monitoring
    • Gender planning
    • Gender-responsive public procurement
    • Gender stakeholder consultation
    • Sex-disaggregated data
    • Institutional transformation
    • Examples of methods and tools
    • Resources
  • Good practices
    • Browse
    • About good practices
    • EIGE’s approach to good practices
  • Country specific information
    • Belgium
      • Overview
      • Browse all Belgium content
    • Bulgaria
      • Overview
      • Browse all Bulgaria content
    • Czechia
      • Overview
      • Browse all Czechia content
    • Denmark
      • Overview
      • Browse all Denmark content
    • Germany
      • Overview
      • Browse all Germany content
    • Estonia
      • Overview
      • Browse all Estonia content
    • Ireland
      • Overview
      • Browse all Ireland content
    • Greece
      • Overview
      • Browse all Greece content
    • Spain
      • Overview
      • Browse all Spain content
    • France
      • Overview
      • Browse all France content
    • Croatia
      • Overview
      • Browse all Croatia content
    • Italy
      • Overview
      • Browse all Italy content
    • Cyprus
      • Overview
      • Browse all Cyprus content
    • Latvia
      • Overview
      • Browse all Latvia content
    • Lithuania
      • Overview
      • Browse all Lithuania content
    • Luxembourg
      • Overview
      • Browse all Luxembourg content
    • Hungary
      • Overview
      • Browse all Hungary content
    • Malta
      • Overview
      • Browse all Malta content
    • Netherlands
      • Overview
      • Browse all Netherlands content
    • Austria
      • Overview
      • Browse all Austria content
    • Poland
      • Overview
      • Browse all Poland content
    • Portugal
      • Overview
      • Browse all Portugal content
    • Romania
      • Overview
      • Browse all Romania content
    • Slovenia
      • Overview
      • Browse all Slovenia content
    • Slovakia
      • Overview
      • Browse all Slovakia content
    • Finland
      • Overview
      • Browse all Finland content
    • Sweden
      • Overview
      • Browse all Sweden content
    • United Kingdom
      • Overview
  • EIGE’s publications on Gender mainstreaming
  • Concepts and definitions
  • Power Up conference 2019
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  • Menu
  • Gender mainstreaming
    • What is Gender mainstreaming
      • Policy cycle
    • Institutions and structures
      • European Union
      • EU Member States
      • Stakeholders
      • International organizations
    • Policy areas
      • Agriculture and rural development
        • Policy cycle
      • Culture
        • Policy cycle
      • Digital agenda
        • Policy cycle
      • Economic and financial affairs
        • Economic Benefits of Gender Equality in the EU
        • Policy cycle
      • Education
        • Policy cycle
      • Employment
        • Policy cycle
        • Structures
      • Energy
        • Policy cycle
      • Entrepreneurship
        • Policy cycle
      • Environment and climate change
        • Policy cycle
      • Health
        • Policy cycle
      • Justice
        • Policy cycle
      • Maritime affairs and fisheries
        • Policy cycle
      • Migration
        • Policy cycle
      • Poverty
        • Policy cycle
      • Regional policy
        • Policy cycle
      • Research
        • Policy cycle
      • Security
        • Policy cycle
      • Sport
        • Policy cycle
      • Tourism
        • Policy cycle
      • Transport
        • Policy cycle
      • Youth
        • Policy cycle
    • Toolkits
      • Gender Equality Training
        • Back to toolkit page
        • What is Gender Equality Training
        • Why invest in Gender Equality Training
        • Who should use Gender Equality Training
        • Step-by-step guide to Gender Equality Training
            • 1. Assess the needs
            • 2. Integrate initiatives to broader strategy
            • 3. Ensure sufficient resources
            • 4. Write good terms of reference
            • 5. Select a trainer
            • 6. Engage in the needs assessment
            • 7. Actively participate in the initiative
            • 8. Invite others to join in
            • 9. Monitoring framework and procedures
            • 10. Set up an evaluation framework
            • 11. Assess long-term impacts
            • 12. Give space and support others
        • Designing effective Gender Equality Training
        • Gender Equality Training in the EU
        • Good Practices on Gender Equality Training
        • More resources on Gender Equality Training
        • More on EIGE's work on Gender Equality Training
      • Gender Impact Assessment
        • Back to toolkit page
        • What is Gender Impact Assessment
        • Why use Gender Impact Assessment
        • Who should use Gender Impact Assessment
        • When to use Gender Impact Assessment
        • Guide to Gender Impact Assessment
          • Step 1: Definition of policy purpose
          • Step 2: Checking gender relevance
          • Step 3: Gender-sensitive analysis
          • Step 4: Weighing gender impact
          • Step 5: Findings and proposals for improvement
        • Following up on gender impact assessment
        • General considerations
        • Examples from the EU
            • European Commission
            • Austria
            • Belgium
            • Denmark
            • Finland
            • Sweden
            • Basque country
            • Catalonia
            • Lower Saxony
            • Swedish municipalities
      • Institutional Transformation
        • Back to toolkit page
        • What is Institutional Transformation
          • Institutional transformation and gender: Key points
          • Gender organisations
          • Types of institutions
          • Gender mainstreaming and institutional transformation
          • Dimensions of gender mainstreaming in institutions: The SPO model
        • Why focus on Institutional Transformation
          • Motivation model
        • Who the guide is for
        • Guide to Institutional Transformation
            • 1. Creating accountability and strengthening commitment
            • 2. Allocating resources
            • 3. Conducting an organisational analysis
            • 4. Developing a strategy and work plan
            • 5. Establishing a support structure
            • 6. Setting gender equality objectives
            • 7. Communicating gender mainstreaming
            • 8. Introducing gender mainstreaming
            • 9. Developing gender equality competence
            • 10. Establishing a gender information management system
            • 11. Launching gender equality action plans
            • 12. Promotional equal opportunities
            • 13. Monitoring and steering organisational change
        • Dealing with resistance
          • Discourse level
          • Individual level
          • Organisational level
          • Statements and reactions
        • Checklist: Key questions for change
        • Examples from the EU
            • 1. Strengthening accountability
            • 2. Allocating resources
            • 3. Organisational analysis
            • 4. Developing a strategy and working plan
            • 5. Establishing a support structure
            • 6. Setting objectives
            • 7. Communicating gender mainstreaming
            • 8. Introducing methods and tools
            • 9. Developing Competence
            • 10. Establishing a gender information management system
            • 11. Launching action plans
            • 12. Promoting within an organisation
            • 13. Monitoring and evaluating
      • Gender Equality in Academia and Research
        • Back to toolkit page
        • WHAT
          • What is a Gender Equality Plan?
          • Terms and definitions
          • Which stakeholders need to be engaged into a GEP
          • About the Gear Tool
        • WHY
          • Horizon Europe GEP criterion
          • Gender Equality in Research and Innovation
          • Why change must be structural
          • Rationale for gender equality change in research and innovation
          • GEAR step-by-step guide for research organisations, universities and public bodies
            • Step 1: Getting started
            • Step 2: Analysing and assessing the state-of-play in the institution
            • Step 3: Setting up a Gender Equality Plan
            • Step 4: Implementing a Gender Equality Plan
            • Step 5: Monitoring progress and evaluating a Gender Equality Plan
            • Step 6: What comes after the Gender Equality Plan?
          • GEAR step-by-step guide for research funding bodies
            • Step 1: Getting started
            • Step 2: Analysing and assessing the state-of-play in the institution
            • Step 3: Setting up a Gender Equality Plan
            • Step 4: Implementing a Gender Equality Plan
            • Step 5: Monitoring progress and evaluating a Gender Equality Plan
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          • GEAR action toolbox
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        • WHERE
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      • Gender-sensitive Parliaments
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        • What is the tool for?
        • Who is the tool for?
        • How to use the tool
        • Self-assessment, scoring and interpretation of parliament gender-sensitivity
          • AREA 1 – Women and men have equal opportunities to ENTER the parliament
            • Domain 1 – Electoral system and gender quotas
            • Domain 2 - Political party/group procedures
            • Domain 3 – Recruitment of parliamentary employees
          • AREA 2 – Women and men have equal opportunities to INFLUENCE the parliament’s working procedures
            • Domain 1 – Parliamentarians’ presence and capacity in a parliament
            • Domain 2 – Structure and organisation
            • Domain 3 – Staff organisation and procedures
          • AREA 3 – Women’s interests and concerns have adequate SPACE on parliamentary agenda
            • Domain 1 – Gender mainstreaming structures
            • Domain 2 – Gender mainstreaming tools in parliamentary work
            • Domain 3 – Gender mainstreaming tools for staff
          • AREA 4 – The parliament produces gender-sensitive LEGISLATION
            • Domain 1 – Gender equality laws and policies
            • Domain 2 – Gender mainstreaming in laws
            • Domain 3 – Oversight of gender equality
          • AREA 5 – The parliament complies with its SYMBOLIC function
            • Domain 1 – Symbolic meanings of spaces
            • Domain 2 – Gender equality in external communication and representation
        • How gender-sensitive are parliaments in the EU?
        • Examples of gender-sensitive practices in parliaments
          • Women and men have equal opportunities to ENTER the parliament
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          • Women’s interests and concerns have adequate SPACE on parliamentary agenda
          • The parliament produces gender-sensitive LEGISLATION
          • The parliament complies with its SYMBOLIC function
        • Glossary of terms
        • References and resources
      • Gender Budgeting
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        • Für wen ist dieses Toolkit gedacht?
        • Warum ist die Berücksichtigung des Gleichstellungsaspekts bei der Haushaltsplanung für die europäischen Fonds in geteilter Verwaltung von Bedeutung?
          • Drei Gründe, warum es wichtig ist, den Gleichstellungsaspekt bei der Haushaltsplanung für die EU-Fonds zu berücksichtigen
        • Was ist die Berücksichtigung von Gleichstellungsaspekten bei der Haushaltsplanung?
          • Einführung der Berücksichtigung des Gleichstellungsaspekts bei der Haushaltsplanung
          • Was hat die Berücksichtigung des Gleichstellungsaspekts bei der Haushaltsplanung mit den Lebenswirklichkeiten von Frauen und Männern zu tun?
          • Was umfasst die Berücksichtigung des Gleichstellungsaspekts bei der Haushaltsplanung in der Praxis?
          • Berücksichtigung des Gleichstellungsaspekts bei der Haushaltsplanung im Rahmen der EU-Fonds
            • Berücksichtigung des Gleichstellungsaspekts bei der Haushaltsplanung als Form der Einhaltung von EU-Rechtsvorschriften
            • Berücksichtigung des Gleichstellungsaspekts bei der Haushaltsplanung als eine Form der Förderung der Rechenschaftspflicht und Transparenz bei der öffentlichen Haushaltsplanung und Verwaltung
            • Die Berücksichtigung des Gleichstellungsaspekts bei der Haushaltsplanung als Weg, um die Teilnahme von Frauen und Männern an den Haushaltsverfahren zu steigern
            • Die Berücksichtigung des Gleichstellungsaspekts bei der Haushaltsplanung als Weg zur Förderung der Gleichstellung von Frauen und Männern in ihrer gesamten Vielfalt
        • Wie können wir den Gleichstellungsaspekt bei der Haushaltsplanung im Rahmen der EU‑Fonds berücksichtigen? Praktische Instrumente und Beispiele aus den Mitgliedstaaten
          • Instrument 1: Verknüpfung der EU-Fonds mit dem EU-Rechtsrahmen zur Geschlechtergleichstellung
            • Gesetzgeberische und gesetzliche Grundlage für die Gleichstellungspolitik der EU
            • Konkrete Anforderungen für die Berücksichtigung der Geschlechtergleichstellung innerhalb der EU-Fonds
            • Grundlegende Voraussetzungen der EU-Fonds
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          • Instrument 2: Analyse der geschlechtsspezifischen Ungleichheiten und Bedürfnisse auf nationaler und subnationaler Ebene
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            • Schritt 1: Erfassung von Informationen und aufgeschlüsselten Daten zur Zielgruppe
            • Schritt 2: Ermittlung der vorhandenen geschlechtsspezifischen Ungleichheiten und der zugrunde liegenden Ursachen
            • Schritt 3: Direkter Austausch mit den Zielgruppen
            • Schritt 4. Schlussfolgerungen ziehen
            • Zusätzliche Ressourcen
          • Instrument 3: Operationalisierung der Geschlechtergleichstellung in den politischen Zielsetzungen (in Partnerschaftsvereinbarungen) und spezifischen Zielsetzungen/ Maßnahmen (in operationellen Programmen)
            • Schritte zur Operationalisierung der Geschlechtergleichstellung in Partnerschaftsvereinbarungen und operationellen Programmen
            • Allgemeine Leitlinien zur Operationalisierung der Geschlechtergleichstellung bei der Entwicklung der politischen Zielsetzungen, spezifischen Ziele und Maßnahmen
            • Checkliste für die Umsetzung des bereichsübergreifenden Grundsatzes der Gleichstellung der Geschlechter in Partnerschaftsvereinbarungen
            • Checkliste für die Umsetzung des bereichsübergreifenden Grundsatzes der Gleichstellung der Geschlechter in operationellen Programmen
            • Beispiele für die Integration der Geschlechtergleichstellung als bereichsübergreifender Grundsatz in die politischen Ziele und spezifischen Zielsetzungen
          • Instrument 4: Koordinierung der EU-Fonds zur Verbesserung der Vereinbarkeit von Beruf und Privatleben und Komplementaritäten zwischen diesen Fonds
            • Schritte zur Verbesserung der Koordinierung und Komplementarität zwischen den Fonds
            • Schritt 1: Ausrichtung an den Zielen der EU des strategischen Engagements für die Gleichstellung der Geschlechter und an den nationalen Zielen für die Geschlechtergleichstellung
            • Schritte 2 und 3: Ermittlung und Entwicklung möglicher Interventionen zur Verbesserung der Vereinbarkeit von Beruf und Privatleben
            • Schritt 4: Nachbereitung durch die Verwendung von Indikatoren im Rahmen der Überwachungs- und Evaluierungssysteme
            • Fiktive Fallstudie 1: Vereinbarkeit von bezahlter Arbeit und Kinderbetreuung
            • Fiktive Fallstudie 2: Vereinbarkeit von Schichtarbeit und Kinderbetreuung
            • Fiktive Fallstudie 3: Ausgleich zwischen Versorgungsarbeit für sich und andere
            • Fiktive Fallstudie 4: Vereinbarkeit von Pflege und Betreuung von Kindern und älteren Personen mit der Schichtarbeit
            • Zusätzliche Ressourcen
          • Instrument 5: Festlegung von Partnerschaften und Steuerung auf mehreren Ebenen – Identifizierung der relevanten Partnerinnen und Partner, die Rolle von Gleichstellungsexpertinnen und -experten und die Zusammensetzung der Überwachungsausschüsse
            • Schritte für die Festlegung von Partnerschaften und Steuerung auf mehreren Ebenen
            • Zusätzliche Ressourcen
          • Instrument 6: Ausarbeitung von quantitativen und qualitativen Indikatoren für die Förderung der Geschlechtergleichstellung
            • Schritte für die Entwicklung von quantitativen und qualitativen Indikatoren
            • EFRE und Kohäsionsfonds (die gleichen gemeinsamen Indikatoren)
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          • Instrument 7: Festlegung der gleichstellungsorientierten Kriterien für die Auswahl der Vorhaben
            • Schritte zur Unterstützung der gleichstellungsorientierten Entwicklung und Auswahl von Vorhaben
            • Checkliste für die Ausarbeitung von Aufforderungen zur Einreichung von Vorschlägen für Vorhaben
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            • Zusätzliches Instrument 7.a: Geschlechtergerechte Vereinbarungen mit den Projektträgern
          • Instrument 8: Nachverfolgung der Mittelzuweisungen für die Geschlechtergleichstellung bei den EU-Fonds
            • Ensuring gender relevance in EU Funds
            • The tracking system
            • Steps for tracking resource allocations on gender equality
            • Step 1: Ex ante approach
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            • Annex 1: Ex ante assignment of intervention fields to the gender equality dimension codes
            • Annex 2: The EU’s gender equality legal and policy framework
          • Instrument 9: Einbeziehung der Geschlechtergleichstellung bei der Konzipierung des Projekts
            • Schritte für die Einbeziehung der Geschlechtergleichstellung bei der Konzipierung des Projekts
            • Schritt 1: Ausrichtung an den Gleichstellungszielen und Indikatoren der Partnerschaftsvereinbarungen und operationellen Programme
            • Schritt 2: Entwicklung des Vorhabens und Antrag
            • Schritt 3. Umsetzung des Vorhabens
            • Schritt 4. Beurteilung des Vorhabens
          • Instrument 10: Berücksichtigung der Geschlechterperspektive bei den Überwachungs- und Evaluierungsverfahren
            • Schritte zur Einbeziehung der Geschlechterperspektive in die Überwachungs- und Evaluierungsverfahren
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      • Gender-responsive Public Procurement
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          • Tool 1:Self-assessment questionnaire about the legal
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            • Light regime for social, health and other specific services
            • Tool 7: Guiding questions for applying GRPP under the light regime
            • Tool 8: Guiding questions for applying GRPP under the light regime
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      • Foreword
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      • Introduction
        • Still far from the finish line
        • Snail’s-pace progress on gender equality in the EU continues
        • More women in decision-making drives progress
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      • 2. Domain of work
        • Gender equality inching slowly forward in a fast-changing world of work
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      • 3. Domain of money
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      • 4. Domain of knowledge
        • Gender equality in education standing still even as women graduates outnumber men graduates
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      • 5. Domain of time
        • Enduring burden of care perpetuates inequalities for women
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        • More women in decision-making but still a long way to go
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      • 7. Domain of health
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Denmark

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EIGE has updated its information on gender mainstreaming in the EU Member States in November 2019. The information was collected in the process of EIGE’s 2018-2019 review of Institutional Mechanisms for Gender Equality and Gender Mainstreaming. It makes a reference to the United Kingdom as a member of the European Union and was published before the UK's withdrawal from the European Union on the 31 January 2020. 

Apie

The Danish Constitution (enacted in 1953) does not enshrine the principles of gender equality. Rather, the idea of gender mainstreaming in Denmark has been influenced by the European Union (EU) and, in particular, by the Amsterdam Treaty, which came into force in 1999. The following year, gender mainstreaming was introduced into Danish national legislation through the Gender Equality Act, which states that that ‘public authorities shall within their respective areas of responsibility seek to promote gender equality and incorporate gender equality in all planning and administration’.

From 2001-2013, gender mainstreaming was implemented through the Gender Mainstreaming Steering Committee, which was composed of executive-level representatives from all ministries. This was replaced by an Interministerial Network, made up of staff-level representatives from all ministries. The Department of Gender Equality (Ligestillingsafdelingen), various laws related to gender equality[1], the Board of Equal Treatment (2019) and the Danish Institute for Human Rights (2019) also work towards achieving gender equality and ending (gender-based) discrimination.

Denmark has adopted a number of four-year action plans on gender mainstreaming. Despite the lengthy process involved, February 2013 saw the National Strategy for Future Work with Gender Mainstreaming Assessment in the Public Sector published, ensuring that all political initiatives, including all relevant acts, are assessed to secure gender equality.

These recent efforts to advance gender mainstreaming at state and local level have been boosted by EU funding, notably through the participation of the Department of Gender Equality in a European Commission project on the development of gender mainstreaming tools and practices in central government administration, with a specific focus on web-based methods and tools.

The Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women, in its concluding observations from 2015, recommended for Denmark to: ‘[…] establish time-bound objectives regarding educational initiatives and the involvement of the educational sector. It also recommends that the State party take measures to facilitate the development of gender mainstreaming tools for legislation and for context-specific strategy plans for gender mainstreaming at the municipal level, including in Greenland and the Faroe Islands’[2].

Legislative and policy framework

Four acts focus on gender equality: the Law on Gender Equality (first introduced in 2000 and amended in 2006, 2009, 2013; LBK nr 1678 af 19/12/2013); the Law on Equal Pay (first introduced in 1976 and amended in 1992, 2000, 2001, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2014, 2016, 2019; LBK nr 156 af 22/02/2019); the Law on Equal Treatment (first introduced in 1978 and amended in 2006, 2011; LBK nr 645 af 08/06/2011); and the Law on Maternity/Paternity/Parental Leave (first introduced in 2006 and amended in 2009, 2012, 2013, 2018, 2019; LBK nr 67 af 25/01/2019).

Since 2000, gender mainstreaming obligations have been implemented at all levels of public administration and in decision-making. The legal basis is the Law on Gender Equality, influenced by the Amsterdam Treaty[3]. The Law on Gender Equality[4] stipulates that all public institutes should conduct gender impact assessments every three years. Despite the implementation of gender mainstreaming obligations being regulated by law, there are no provisions for their enforcement nor sanctions for failing to do so.

At national level, the Strategy for Gender Mainstreaming[5] describes the Danish strategy for gender mainstreaming in the public sector and focuses on improved guidance and strengthening of gender mainstreaming in legislation and monitoring.

Gender equality action plans (published yearly since 2002, in compliance with the Law on Gender Equality) include several priorities and specific initiatives within the area of gender equality. The main vision of the 2018 action plan is that ‘no one should experience discrimination based on gender, sexual orientation, or gender identity’. The action plan for 2019[6] focuses on four major areas:

  • ‘Rights and freedom’, including the promotion of equality among ethnic minorities and the combating of online harassment, intimate partner violence, and human trafficking.
  • ‘Better utilisation of talents and resources’, including the promotion of equality in the labour market and in the education field.
  • ‘Global equality’, including the promotion of women’s societal participation globally.
  • ‘Equal opportunities for LGBTQI+ persons’, including the promotion of freedom and rights for LGBTQI+ persons nationally and internationally.

The gender equality action plan presents initiatives/interventions to be undertaken within these four focus areas and follows-up initiatives/interventions from the previous action pPlan but does not present specific targets to be met. The presented initiatives/interventions encompass eight out of 18 ministries.  

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Structures

Government responsibilities

The Department of Gender Equality was designated for the first time in 1999. The area of gender equality/equal opportunities became part of the Ministry of Environment and Food in June 2019 (having previously been part of, variously, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, the Ministry of Children, Education and Gender Equality, and the Ministry for Gender Equality and the Church).

The current Department of Gender Equality was appointed in June 2019 and is responsible for all government activities in the field of gender equality, promoting gender equality nationally and internationally, and coordinating the equality work of other ministers, who are themselves responsible for gender equality within their areas. These tasks are specified in the Law on Gender Equality. The current Minister of Gender Equality/Equal Opportunities is also responsible for Food, Fisheries and Nordic Cooperation[7]. In addition to the emphasis on gender equality, the Minister of Gender Equality has a special focus on gender discrimination among ethnic minorities in Denmark and on LGBTQI+-rights, thus adopting an intersectional approach to gender equality.

Independent gender equality body

In 2011, the Danish Institute for Human Rights (DIHR) was appointed as the national equal treatment body, with responsibility to promote, evaluate, monitor, and support equal treatment of women and men, without discrimination based on gender. The DIHR also covers discrimination based on race and ethnic origin, age, disability, sexual orientation, religion and beliefs, and supports victims of discrimination in filing complaints. The Institute is also responsible for conducting studies on discrimination, publishing reports and making recommendations on matters regarding discrimination. The DIHR is an independent body, funded by the state.

The legal basis for the DIHR is regulated in a specific law (Law on the Institute for Human Rights – Denmark’s national human rights institute). The Institute is an independent national human rights institution (NHRI), modelled on the UN Paris Principles. By appointing the DIHR as a national equal treatment body, the government complied with its obligation under the Equal Treatment Directive (2002/73/EC) to establish a national independent gender equality body.

The Board of Equal Treatment (established in 2009 to replace the previous Equality Board) similarly works to secure gender equality. Its legal basis is regulated in a special law (Law on the Board of Equal Treatment). The Board deals with complaints related to Danish legislation on equal treatment, which implements the various EU directives on non-discrimination. It consists of three judges and nine legal members and deals with complaints about discrimination based on gender, race, colour, religion, beliefs, political views, sexual orientation, age, disability, or national, social, or ethnic origin.

Parliamentary bodies

The legal basis for the representative elected bodies is regulated in the Danish Constitution. The parliament is divided into various committees, whose areas of responsibility are not regulated by the Constitution (with some exceptions).  

Although the existence of a parliamentary committee on gender equality is not regulated in the Danish Constitution, such a committee (Ligestillingsudvalget) has been present in the Danish parliament since 2011. The purpose of a special committee on gender equality is to ensure a cross-cutting and overarching parliamentary perspective on gender equality. The main responsibilities of the committee are to examine and treat legislative proposals that may influence gender equality and to ascertain that the government respects the laws regulating gender equality. The committee asks questions of various ministries regarding the influence of new legislation or proposed policies on women and men, for instance. It also arranges public hearings and written hearings on legislative proposals, etc.

Reporting (to the parliament) on the progress of gender equality efforts primarily consists of the reporting included in the gender equality action plan (annually), the gender impact assessments of the public sector (every three years), and the gender impact assessments of legislative propositions (annually). Various commissioned reports are issued to all members of parliament, while public hearings on gender equality topics are arranged on an ad hoc basis.

Regional structures

Since 2000, gender mainstreaming obligations have been implemented at all levels of public administration and in all decision-making processes[8].

Denmark is divided into five regions and 98 municipalities. According to the Law on Gender Equality, municipalities and regions are compelled to report – separately − to the gender impact assessments of the public sector every three years. Each year, two indexes of gender equality are constructed – one on ‘staffing’ and another on ‘core services’. The results across regions show a positive development in gender equality in staffing (e.g. hiring, remuneration, training) from 2013 to 2017, whereas the development in gender equality in core services is less clear. Data by region and/or municipality is available for some of Statistics Denmark’s equality indicators via the ‘Stat-bank’ website.

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Methods and tools

Note: the methods and tools listed under this section were the focus of EIGE’s 2018-2019 assessment. If certain methods and tools are not mentioned in this section, this does not necessarily mean that they are not used at all by Denmark.

To facilitate gender mainstreaming at all levels, a special website was launched in 2013[9]. The website provides examples of best practice and offers practical examples of gender mainstreaming in a large number of areas (e.g. employment, defence, international collaboration, culture, health and education).   

Training and awareness raising

Training and awareness raising of gender mainstreaming or gender equality are not regulated by law.

The Strategy for Gender Mainstreaming[10] describes actions for training on gender mainstreaming, including counselling and the exchange of experiences between public institutions to improve methods and skills. The Strategy sets out the development of an interdepartmental network to improve gender mainstreaming at ministerial level. 

The annual gender equality action plan[11] describes targeted actions for gender equality training of teachers and educators to improve the situation of young LGBTQI+people, as well as several awareness-raising initiatives to promote gender equality among ethnic minorities.       

A specific webpage provides practical and good practice examples of working with gender mainstreaming in various areas, such as e.g. employment, defence, international collaboration, culture, health, and education.

Gender statistics

Statistics Denmark is the body responsible for producing data on various aspects of society and is regulated by the Law on Statistics Denmark. Although the Law does not explicitly state that the statistics must be sex-disaggregated, in practice they are. This is because individual-level data are registered since 1968 via a personal identity number, which is assigned to everyone residing, working, or studying in Denmark. The personal identification number is based on an individual’s date of birth, followed by a sequence of four numbers. The last digit of the sequence number is odd for males and even for females, meaning that it is always possible to identify the gender of an individual in Statistics Denmark registers.

Statistics Denmark is by far the largest statistical institute. It collects data from municipalities, regions, educational institutions, tax authorities, employers, etc.

The National Health Data Authority is responsible for producing and publishing health data, which are also collected via the personal identity number and can thus be disaggregated by sex. These health data are regularly merged with the data collected by Statistics Denmark for research purposes.

The statistics collected by Statistics Denmark are easily accessible to the public via the Stat-bank, an interactive website, where users can create custom-made tables and charts based on statistics in various areas. Statistics Denmark also has a website (Ligestilling i Danmark, Gender Equality in Denmark) devoted to statistics on gender equality. The site presents indicators on nine domains (democracy and women in decision-making, family, education, work, wages, income, health, safety, and culture). Each indicator is linked to the relevant page in the Stat-bank[12]. The statistics are updated annually. Additional indicators are underway, for instance, an indicator on Science-Technology-Engineering-Art-Mathematics (STEAM). The page also contains links to international statistics on gender equality from  EIGE and the OECD, among others.

Most of the data in the Stat-bank can be disaggregated geographically, by region or municipality, for example.

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Good practices

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References

Board of Equal Treatment (2019).

Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women (2015). Concluding observations. CEDAW/C/DNK/CO/8. 

Ministry of Foreign Affairs (2017). Ligestillingsredegøresler 2017, Hovedrapport. 

Danish Institute for Human Rights (2019).

Law on the Board of Equal Treatment (LBK nr 1230 af 02/10/2016 Gældende).

Law on Equal Pay (LBK nr 156 af 22/02/2019 Gældende).  

Law on Equal Treatment (LBK nr 645 af 08/06/2011 Gældende). 

Law on Gender Equality (LBK nr 1678 af 19/12/2013 Gældende). Copenhagen.

Law on the Institute for Human Rights (LOV nr 553 af 18/06/2012 Gældende).

Law on Maternity/Paternity/Parental Leave (LBK nr 67 af 25/01/2019 Gældende). 

Law on Statistics Denmark (LBK nr 610 af 30/05/2018 Gældende).

Ministry of Children, Education and Gender Equality (n.d.). Gender mainstreaming assessment. Website on gender mainstreaming.

Minister for Gender Equality (2019). Redegørelse- perspektiv- og handlingsplan for ligestilling 2019 (National Gender Equality Action Plan 2019). Copenhagen.

Ministry for Gender Equality and the Church (2013). Strategi for ligestillingsvurdering i det offentlige (Strategy for gender mainstreaming in the public sector). Copenhagen. 

Ministry of Employment (2019). 2019-02-27

Ministry of Foreign Affairs (2018). Ligestillingsvurdering af lovforslag (equality assessment of legislative proposals). Copenhagen.

Endnotes

[1] Law on Gender Equality (2013), Law on Equal Pay (2008), Law on Equal Treatment (2011), Law on Maternity/Paternity/Parental Leave (2018).

[2] Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women (2015). Concluding observations. CEDAW/C/DNK/CO/8, p.4.

[3] Ministry for Gender Equality and the Church (2013). Strategi for ligestillingsvurdering i det offentlige (Strategy for gender mainstreaming in the public sector). Copenhagen.

[4] Ministry for Gender Equality and the Church (2013).

[5] Ministry for Gender Equality and the Church (2013).

[6] Minister for Gender Equality (2019). Redegørelse- perspektiv- og handlingsplan for ligestilling 2019 (National Gender Equality Action Plan 2019). 

[7] The Nordic cooperation includes (but is not limited to) the Nordic Council of Ministers. The Minister is responsible for the entire area of Nordic Cooperation (not just gender equality issues).

[8] Law on Gender Equality, 2013; Ministry for Gender Equality and the Church (2013).

[9] The website was supported by the EU Programme for Employment and Social Solidarity -PROGRESS (2007-2013).

[10] Ministry for Gender Equality and the Church (2013). Strategi for ligestillingsvurdering i det offentlige (Strategy for gender mainstreaming in the public sector). Copenhagen.

[11] Minister for Gender Equality (2019).

[12] Statistics Denmark (2018).

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