Country information
Description
Progress on gender equality in Slovenia since 2010
With 67.7 out of 100 points, Slovenia ranks 11th in the EU on the Gender Equality Index. Slovenia’s score is 0.2 points below the EU’s score. Since 2010, its score has increased by 5.0 points, although it has slightly decreased since 2017 (– 0.6 points). The country’s ranking has dropped by one place since 2010.
Best performance
Slovenia’s scores are highest in the domains of health (86.9 points) and money (83.0 points). Its highest ranking is in the domain of time, where it ranks 7th.
Most room for improvement
Gender inequalities are most pronounced in the domains of power (55.0 points) and knowledge (55.9 points). In these domains, Slovenia ranks 12th and 21st in the EU, respectively.
Biggest improvement
Since 2010, Slovenia has made its biggest improvement in the domain of power (+ 13.9 points), but it has lost 2.6 points and dropped one place in the ranking since 2017.
A step backwards
Since 2010, progress has stalled in the domains of health (+ 0.1 points) and knowledge (+ 0.9 points). In these domains, Slovenia’s rankings have dropped by four and three places, respectively
Key highlights
Positives
- The mean monthly earnings of both women and men have increased since 2010.
- Tertiary educational attainment has increased in Slovenia for both women and men.
- The share of women parliamentarians has almost doubled.
Negatives
- The gender gap in mean monthly earnings has almost doubled.
- More women than men are studying education, health and welfare, or humanities and the arts.
- Higher shares of women and men report an unmet need for medical examination. Women and men with disabilities are more likely to report an unmet need for medical care than women and men without disabilities.
Description
Progress in gender equality in Slovenia since 2010
With 67.6 out of 100 points, Slovenia ranks 12th in the EU on the Gender Equality Index. Its score is 0.4 points below the EU’s score. Since 2010, Slovenia’s score has increased by 4.9 points but its ranking has dropped by three places. Since 2018, Slovenia’s score has remained the same (– 0.1 points), but its ranking dropped by two places.
Best Performance
Slovenia’s score and ranking in the domain of money are among the highest for the country. It scores 83.7 points and is ranked 12th among all Member States. The country’s best performance is in the sub-domain of economic situation (97.9 points), in which it ranks 2nd among all Member States.
Most room for improvement
Gender inequalities are most pronounced in the domain of knowledge (56.6 points). Slovenia ranks 18th among all Member States, which is its lowest ranking.
Biggest improvement
With an increase of 11.9 points, Slovenia’s score has improved the most in the domain of power since 2010 (reaching 53.0 points). Yet, as progress has been faster in other countries, Slovenia’s ranking has dropped by four places, taking the 13th place among all Member States.
A step backwards
Since 2010, Slovenia’s ranking in the domain of work has dropped from the 10th to the 15th place among all Member States, although its score has slightly increased in this domain (+ 1.1 points). Since 2018, Slovenia’s score has decreased in the domain of power (– 2.0 points).
Description
Progress in gender equality
With 67.5 out of 100 points, Slovenia ranks 12th in the EU on the Gender Equality Index. Its score is 1.1 points below the EU’s score.
Since 2010, Slovenia’s score has increased by 4.8 points. Its progress has been slower compared to other Member States, resulting in a drop in its ranking by three places. Since 2019, Slovenia’s score has stalled (– 0.1 points), and the country retained its rank at the 12th place. There have been slight decreases in Slovenia’s scores in the domains of health and knowledge (– 0.9 and – 0.6 points).
Best performance
Slovenia’s ranking is the highest (7th among all Member States) in the domain of time, in which it scores 72.9 points. In this domain, the country performs best in the sub-domain of social activities, ranking 4th with a score of 76.4 points. Since 2010, Slovenia’s score in the domain of time has increased by 4.6 points, and its ranking has moved up three places. This change is driven by improvements in the sub-domains of care (+ 5.0 points) and social activities (+ 4.0 points).
Most room for improvement
Gender inequalities are pronounced in the domain of power (53.3 points), in which Slovenia ranks 14th among all Member States. The country’s most room for improvement is in the sub-domain of economic decision-making, in which Slovenia scores 45.0 points and ranks 16th (dropping two places since 2019). Since 2019, Slovenia’s score in the domain of power has increased slightly by 0.3 points. This is due to improvements in the sub-domain of social decision-making (+ 4.7 points), which are, however, offset by a decrease of 3.6 points in the sub-domain of political decision-making.
Biggest improvement
Since 2019, Slovenia’s score has improved the most in the domain of work (+ 0.4 points), moving up the country’s ranking from the 15th to the 14th place. This change is driven by improvements in the sub-domain of segregation and quality of work (+ 0.6 points), in which Slovenia’s ranking improved from the 15th to the 13th place. Since 2010, Slovenia’s score in the domain of work has increased by 1.5 points but its ranking has fallen four places due to its slower progress compared to other Member States.
A step backwards
Since 2019, Slovenia’s score has worsened in the domain of health (– 0.9 points), currently standing at 86.9 points. As a result, its ranking has dropped from the 13th to the 16th place. Higher levels of gender inequality in the sub-domain of behaviour (– 2.3 points) are the drivers of this change, causing a drop in ranking from the 12th to the 16th place. Since 2010, Slovenia’s score in the domain of health has stalled (+ 0.1 points).
Between 2019 and 2020, Slovenia’s ranking has decreased the most in the domain of knowledge (from the 18th to the 22nd place), in which the country scores 56.0 points (– 0.6 points since 2019). This is due to increasing gender inequality in the sub-domain of gender segregation in education (– 1.4 points), falling from the 19th to the 24th place.
Key highlights
Focus 2022: COVID-19 in Slovenia
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Three times as many women as men had sole responsibility for childcare
In 2021, 31 % of women compared to only 9 % of men reported taking care of and supervising children aged 0–11 completely or mostly by themselves. During the pandemic, almost twice as many women (40 %) as men (22 %) spent more than four hours a day caring for their children or grandchildren aged 0–11. Since the start of the pandemic, 6 % of women and 7 % of men chose to reduce their working hours to care for children and/or other relatives. These are among the lowest proportions of women and men in the EU reducing their working time to meet their caring responsibilities.
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Women were less likely than men to provide informal long-term care, while spending more time on it daily
In 2021, 23 % of women and 30 % of men provided care to older people or people with health limitations. Nevertheless, during the pandemic, more women (16 %) than men (10 %) reported providing informal long-term care to older people and people with health limitations for more than four hours a day. These proportions are relatively low in the EU. In 2021, a large share of women (60 %) and men (69 %) relied on relatives, neighbours, or friends to assist them with their informal long-term care responsibilities. Moreover, compared to other Member States, a high percentage of women (41 %) and men (53 %) also used residential long-term care facilities and institutions.
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Gender disparities in household task-division persisted but were less pronounced than in other EU countries
In 2021, 55 % of women and only 11 % of men reported carrying out household chores completely or mostly by themselves. Despite significant disparities between women and men, the gender gap (44 pp) in the distribution of household tasks is among the lowest in the EU. Additionally, women were more likely to contribute more intensively to housework than men, with 15 % of women compared to 6 % of men spending more than four hours a day on housework tasks.
Description
Napredek na področju enakosti spolov v Sloveniji od leta 2010
Slovenija ima po indeksu enakosti spolov oceno 67,6 od 100, s čimer se v EU uvršča na 12. mesto. Njena ocena je za 0,4 točke nižja od povprečja EU.
Od leta 2010 se je ocena Slovenije povečala za 4,9 točke, uvrščena pa je tri mesta nižje. Od leta 2018 je ocena Slovenije ostala enaka (–0,1 točke), vendar je uvrščena dve mesti nižje.
Najboljša ocena
Ocena in razvrstitev Slovenije je na področju denarja med najvišjimi za posamezno državo. Ima 83,7 točke in je uvrščena na 12. mesto med vsemi državami članicami. Najuspešnejša je na podpodročju gospodarskega položaja (97,9 točke), v katerem je uvrščena na drugo mesto med vsemi državami članicami.
Največje možnosti za izboljšanje
V Sloveniji so razlike med spoloma največje na področju znanja (56,6 točke). Slovenija se uvršča na 18. mesto med vsemi državami članicami, kar je njena najnižja uvrstitev glede na druga področja.
Največje izboljšanje
S povečanjem za 11,9 točke se je ocena Slovenije od leta 2010 najbolj izboljšala na področju moči (dosegla je 53,0 točke). Ker pa je bil napredek v drugih državah hitrejši, je uvrščena štiri mesta nižje, in sicer na 13. mesto med vsemi državami članicami.
Korak nazaj
Od leta 2010 je Slovenija na področju dela z 10. zdrsnila na 15. mesto med vsemi državami članicami, čeprav se je njen rezultat na tem področju nekoliko izboljšal (+1,1 točke). Od leta 2018 se je ocena Slovenije na področju moči (–2,0 točke) znižala.
Description
Napredek na področju enakosti spolov
Slovenija ima po indeksu enakosti spolov oceno 67,5 od 100, s čimer se v EU uvršča na 12. mesto. Njena ocena je za 1,1 točke nižja od povprečja v EU.
Ocena Slovenije se je od leta 2010 izboljšala za 4,8 točke, vendar je primerjavi z drugimi državami članicami napredovala počasneje, zato je na lestvici padla za tri mesta. Od leta 2019 pa se ocena praktično ni spremenila (– 0,1 točke) in država še naprej zaseda 12. mesto. Prišlo je do rahlega izboljšanja na področjih zdravja in znanja (– 0,9 oziroma – 0,6 točke).
Najboljša ocena
Slovenija je največ točk (7. mesto med vsemi državami članicami) prejela na področju časa, kjer je dobila 72,9 točke. Na tem področju se je najbolje odrezala na podpodročju družbenih dejavnosti, kjer je s 76,4 točke zasedla 4. mesto. Od leta 2010 se je ocena Slovenije na področju časa povečala za 4,6 točke, zato je napredovala za tri mesta. Na to spremembo so vplivale izboljšave na podpodročjih družinskih (+ 5,0 točke) in družbenih dejavnosti (+ 4,0 točke).
Največje možnosti za izboljšanje
Neenakosti na podlagi spola so precejšnje na področju moči (53,3 točke), kjer Slovenija zaseda 14. mesto med vsemi državami članicami. Država ima največje možnosti za izboljšanje na podpodročju gospodarskega odločanja, na katerem je Slovenija prejela 45,0 točke in zaseda 16. mesto (od leta 2019 je izgubila dve mesti). Ocena Slovenije na področju moči se je od leta 2019 rahlo izboljšala, tj. za 0,3 točke. Za to so zaslužne izboljšave na podpodročju družbenega odločanja (+ 4,7 točke), vendar pa ta rezultat kvari upad za 3,6 točke na podpodročju političnega odločanja.
Največje izboljšanje
Ocena Slovenije se je od leta 2019 najbolj izboljšala na področju dela (+ 0,4 točke), zato se je država povzpela s 15. na 14. mesto. Za to spremembo so zaslužne izboljšave na podpodročju segregacije in kakovosti dela (+ 0,6 točke), kjer se je Slovenija s 15. mesta povzpela na 13. mesto. Ocena Slovenije na področju dela se je od leta 2010 povečala za 1,5 točke, vendar je država na lestvici izgubila štiri mesta zaradi počasnejšega napredka v primerjavi z drugimi državami članicami.
Korak nazaj
Ocena Slovenije se je od leta 2019 poslabšala na področju zdravja (– 0,9 točke), kjer ima trenutno 86,9 točke. Posledično je na lestvici padla s 13. na 16. mesto. Za to spremembo so krive višje stopnje neenakosti na podlagi spola na podpodročju vedenja (– 2,3 točke), zaradi česar je Slovenija padla z 12. na 16. mesto. Ocena Slovenije na področju zdravja se od leta 2010 ni opazno spremenila (+ 0,1 točke).
Uvrstitev Slovenije se je med letoma 2019 in 2020 najbolj poslabšala na področju znanja (na lestvici je padla z 18. na 22. mesto), kjer je prejela 56,0 točke (– 0,6 točke od leta 2019). Za to je krivo vse več neenakosti na podlagi spola na podpodročju spolne segregacije v izobraževanju (– 1,4 točke), zaradi česar je Slovenija padla z 19. na 24. mesto.
Key highlights
Glavni poudarki
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Za skrb za otroke je bilo izključno odgovornih trikrat več žensk kot moških
Leta 2021 je o tem, da za otroke, stare od 0 do 11 let, skrbijo ali jih nadzirajo v celoti ali pretežno sami, poročalo 31 % žensk in le 9 % moških. Med pandemijo je za skrb za otroke ali vnuke, stare od 0 do 11 let, porabilo več kot štiri ure na dan skoraj še enkrat toliko žensk (40 %) kot moških (22 %). Od začetka pandemije se je 6 % žensk in 7 % moških odločilo, da bodo delali manj časa, da bi skrbeli za otroke in/ali druge sorodnike. Pri tem gre za enega najmanjših deležev žensk in moških v EU, ki delajo manj časa, da bi lahko izpolnjevali svoje obveznosti oskrbe.
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Ženske so neformalno dolgotrajno oskrbo zagotavljale redkeje kot moški, obenem pa so oskrbi vsak dan namenile več časa
Leta 2021 je 23 % žensk in 30 % moških zagotavljalo oskrbo starejšim ali osebam z zdravstvenimi omejitvami. Kljub temu je med pandemijo več žensk (16 %) kot moških (10 %) poročalo, da zagotavljajo neformalno dolgotrajno oskrbo starejšim ali osebam z zdravstvenimi omejitvami več kot štiri ure na dan. Ti deleži so v EU razmeroma nizki. Leta 2021 se je za pomoč pri obveznostih v zvezi z neformalno dolgotrajno oskrbo na sorodnike, sosede ali prijatelje zanašal velik delež žensk (60 %) in moških (69 %). Poleg tega se je na zavode in ustanove za dolgotrajno institucionalno varstvo v primerjavi z drugimi državami članicami zanašal velik delež žensk (41 %) ter moških (53 %).
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Razlike med spoloma pri razdelitvi gospodinjskega dela so bile še vedno prisotne, vendar so bile manj izrazite kot v drugih državah EU
Leta 2021 je 55 % žensk in le 11 % moških poročalo, da gospodinjsko delo opravljajo v celoti ali pretežno sami. Kljub znatnim odstopanjem med ženskami in moškimi je razlika med spoloma (44 odstotnih točk) v porazdelitvi gospodinjskih opravil med najnižjimi v EU. Poleg tega so ženske gospodinjskemu delu namenile več časa kot moški, pri čemer je več kot štiri ure na dan za gospodinjska opravila porabilo 15 % žensk in 6 % moških.
Description
Progress in gender equality
With 69.4 points out of 100, Slovenia ranks 12th in the EU on the Gender Equality Index. Its score is 0.8 points below the score for the EU a whole. 1
Since 2010, Slovenia’s score has increased by 6.7 points, mainly due to improvements in the domain of power (+ 15.0 points). Since 2020, Slovenia’s overall score has risen by 1.9 points, but its ranking has remained the same, in 12th place. Improvements in the domains of knowledge (+ 4.7 points) and power (+ 2.8 points) have been the main drivers of the country’s increased overall score. The country has also registered a setback in the score (– 3.6 points) in the domain of time.
Best performance
Slovenia’s highest ranking (7th) is in the domain of time, in which it scores 69.3 points. The country has maintained this position in the ranking since 2020, even though its score for this domain has decreased by 3.6 points. Within the domain of time, Slovenia performs best in the sub-domain of social activities (62.3 points), in which it ranks 4th in the EU. Slovenia’s score in this sub-domain has decreased (– 14.1 points) since 2020, but this did not lead to a drop in its ranking.
Most room for improvement
Gender inequalities in Slovenia are strongly pronounced in the domain of health (86.5 points), in which the country ranks 16th in the EU. Since 2020, Slovenia’s progress in this domain has stalled (– 0.4 points) and its ranking has remained the same. The country shows the greatest room for improvement in the sub-domain of access, in which Slovenia scores 96.0 points and ranks 20th. Since 2020, the country’s score in this sub-domain has decreased (– 1.8 points), and its ranking has dropped by three places.
Biggest improvement
Since 2020, Slovenia’s biggest improvement in score has been in the domain of knowledge (+ 4.7 points), moving the country’s ranking up from 22nd place to 14th in this domain. An improvement in the sub-domain of attainment and participation (+ 10.1 points) has been the key driver of this change. As a result, the country’s ranking in this sub-domain has increased by four places, currently standing at 11th place. Meanwhile, Slovenia scores 47.1 points in the sub-domain of segregation and ranks 22nd, a rise of two places since 2020.
A step backwards
Since 2020, Slovenia’s score in the domain of work (75.8 points) has increased by 2.4 points, but its ranking has dropped by one place, moving from 14th to 15th among the EU Member States. The step backwards in ranking in this domain is due to other Member States making faster progress. The country ranks 15th in the sub-domain of segregation and quality of work (65.3 points), following a drop of two places since 2020. In the sub-domain of participation, the country scores 88.0 points and ranks 8th in the EU.
Convergence
Upward convergence in gender equality describes increasing equality between women and men in the EU, accompanied by a decline in variations between Member States. This means that countries with lower levels of gender equality are catching up with those with the highest levels, thereby reducing disparities across the EU. Analysis of convergence patterns in the Gender Equality Index shows that disparities between Member States decreased over the period 2010–2021, and that EU countries continue their trend of upward convergence.
Looking more closely at the performance of each Member State, patterns can be identified that reflect a relative improvement or slipping back in the Gender Equality Index score of each Member State in relation to the EU average.
Slovenia is flattening. Its Gender Equality Index score is just about the EU average, but has grown at a slower pace over time. The gap between the country and the EU has narrowed over time.
Key highlights
Focus 2023: The European Green Deal
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Women and men in Slovenia exhibit lower levels of climate change responsibility compared with their counterparts in other Member States
In Slovenia, fewer women (48 %) and men (49 %) felt responsible for reducing climate change than the average across the EU (62 % and 61 %, respectively) in 2018. Women in Slovenia displayed a stronger inclination than men towards environmentally friendly choices. In 2022, more women (57 %) than men (51 %) reported regularly choosing environmentally friendly options in housework activities.
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Women and men with low education struggled most to pay for energy bills in Slovenia
Even before the full impact of the ongoing energy crisis, many people in the EU were struggling to pay for energy and heating. In 2021, 10 % of women with low education in Slovenia had arrears on utility bills, compared with 15 % of men with low education. A similar struggle was reported by non-EU migrant women and men, with 12 % of women and 9 % of men in this category reporting that they faced arrears on utility bills.
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Women are underrepresented in Slovenia’s energy and transport sectors, as well as in decision-making, compared with the EU average
In 2022, women comprised just 15 % of the workforce in the energy sector in Slovenia, compared with 24 % on average across the EU. Similarly, women accounted for just 20 % of workers in the transport sector. In 2022, only 13 % of decision-makers in parliamentary committees focusing on the environment and climate change were women – a considerably lower share than the EU average of 30 %.
Description
Napredek na področju enakosti spolov
Slovenija ima po indeksu enakosti spolov oceno 69,4 od 100, s čimer se v EU uvršča na 12. mesto. Njena ocena je za 0,8 točke nižja od ocene za celotno EU.1
Od leta 2010 se je ocena Slovenije povečala za 6,7 točke, predvsem zaradi izboljšav na področju moči (+15,0 točke). Od leta 2020 se je skupni rezultat Slovenije zvišal za 1,9 točke, vendar je ostala na nespremenjenem, 12. mestu. Glavni vzrok za povečanje skupne ocene so bile izboljšave na področjih znanja (+4,7 točke) in moči (+2,8 točke). Država je zabeležila tudi nazadovanje pri oceni (–3,6 točke) na področju časa.
Najboljša ocena
Slovenija je najvišje uvrščena (na 7. mesto) na področju časa, na katerem je prejela 69,3 točke. To mesto je v razvrstitvi ohranila od leta 2020, čeprav se je njena ocena za to področje zmanjšala za 3,6 točke. Na področju časa ima Slovenija najboljše rezultate na podpodročju socialnih dejavnosti (62,3 točke), na katerem se v EU uvršča na četrto mesto. Ocena Slovenije na tem podpodročju se je od leta 2020 zmanjšala (–14,1 točke), vendar to ni povzročilo zdrsa v razvrstitvi.
Največje možnosti za izboljšanje
Neenakosti med spoloma v Sloveniji so močno izrazite na področju zdravja (86,5 točke), na katerem se država uvršča na 16. mesto v EU. Od leta 2020 se je napredek Slovenije na tem področju ustavil (–0,4 točke), njena razvrstitev pa je ostala enaka. Država ima največje možnosti za izboljšanje na podpodročju dostopa, na katerem je prejela 96,0 točke in se uvršča na 20. mesto. Od leta 2020 se je ocena države na tem podpodročju znižala (–1,8 točke), v razvrstitvi pa je zdrsnila za tri mesta.
Največje izboljšanje
Od leta 2020 se je ocena za Slovenijo najbolj izboljšala na področju znanja (+4,7 točke), s čimer se je uvrstitev države z 22. mesta premaknila na 14. mesto. Ključni dejavnik te spremembe je bilo izboljšanje na podpodročju dosežkov in udeležbe (+ 10,1 točke), na katerem se je uvrstila štiri mesta višje in je trenutno na 11. mestu. Na podpodročju segregacije je dosegla 47,1 točke in se uvršča na 22. mesto, kar je dve mesti višje kot leta 2020.
Korak nazaj
Od leta 2020 se je rezultat Slovenije na področju dela (75,8 točke) povečal za 2,4 točke, vendar se je njena uvrstitev med državami članicami EU znižala za eno mesto, in sicer s 14. na 15. mesto. Korak nazaj na lestvici na tem področju je posledica hitrejšega napredka v drugih državah članicah. Po zdrsu za dve mesti od leta 2020 se država na podpodročju segregacije in kakovosti dela uvršča na 15. mesto (65,3 točke). Na podpodročju sodelovanja ima 88,0 točke in je uvrščena na 8. mesto v EU.
Konvergenca
Navzgor usmerjena konvergenca na področju enakosti spolov opisuje vse večjo enakost med ženskami in moškimi v EU, ki jo spremlja zmanjševanje razlik med državami članicami. To pomeni, da države z nižjimi ravnmi enakosti spolov dohitevajo države z najvišjimi ravnmi, kar zmanjšuje razlike med spoloma v EU. Analiza vzorcev konvergence v indeksu enakosti spolov kaže, da so se razlike med državami članicami v obdobju 2010–2021 zmanjšale in da države članice EU nadaljujejo svoj trend navzgor usmerjene konvergence.
Ob podrobnejši proučitvi uspešnosti posamezne države članice, se pokažejo vzorci, ki odražajo relativno izboljšanje ali nazadovanje rezultatov indeksa enakosti spolov v posamezni državi članici glede na povprečje EU.
Ocena Slovenije se uravnava. Njena ocena v okviru indeksa enakosti spolov je približno enaka povprečju v EU, vendar je z leti naraščala počasneje. Razlika med to državo in EU se je sčasoma zmanjšala.
Key highlights
Glavni poudarki
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Ženske in moški v Sloveniji izražajo nižjo raven odgovornosti na področju podnebnih sprememb v primerjavi z ženskami in moškimi v drugih državah članicah.
V Sloveniji se je leta 2018 manj žensk (48 %) in moških (49 %) čutilo odgovornih za zmanjševanje podnebnih sprememb kot v povprečju v EU (62 % oziroma 61 %). V Sloveniji so ženske bolj nagnjene k okolju prijaznim izbiram kot moški. Leta 2022 je več žensk (57 %) kot moških (51 %) poročalo, da pri gospodinjskih opravilih redno izbirajo okolju prijazne možnosti.
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V Sloveniji so imeli največ težav pri plačevanju računov za energijo ženske in moški z nizko izobrazbo.
Še pred popolnim učinkom sedanje energetske krize so imeli številni ljudje v EU težave pri plačevanju računov za energijo in ogrevanje. Leta 2021 je 10 % žensk z nizko izobrazbo v Sloveniji zamujalo s plačilom računov za komunalne storitve, v primerjavi s 15 % moških z nizko izobrazbo. O podobnih težavah so poročali tudi migranti in migrantke, ki niso državljani EU, saj je 12 % žensk in 9 % moških v tej kategoriji poročalo, da so imeli dolgove za komunalne storitve.
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Ženske so v Sloveniji v primerjavi s povprečjem EU premalo zastopane v energetskem in prometnem sektorju ter pri sprejemanju odločitev
Leta 2022 so ženske predstavljale samo 15 % delovne sile v energetskem sektorju v Sloveniji v primerjavi s povprečno 24 % v EU. Podobno so ženske predstavljale samo 20 % zaposlenih v prometnem sektorju. Leta 2022 je bilo med nosilci odločanja v parlamentarnih odborih, osredotočenih na okolje in podnebne spremembe, le 13 % žensk, kar je precej manjši delež od povprečja EU, ki znaša 30 %.
Domain information
Description
Gender equality in the domain of work has stalled, and segregation remains a major challenge.
The employment rate (20-64) is 65 % for women versus 73 % for men. The total employment rate is 69 %. Slovenia has not yet reached its national Europe 2020 strategy (EU2020) target (75 %).
The gender gap in the employment rate is bigger when the number of hours worked is taken into account. The full-time equivalent (FTE) employment rate of women is around 44 %, compared to 56 % for men.
Among women and men in a couple and with children, the FTE employment rate for women is 77 %, compared to 88 % for men. The gender gap is higher compared to that of couples without children (12 percentage points (p.p.) for couples without children and 1 p.p. for couples with children). The FTE employment rate increases and the relative gender gaps decrease as education levels rise.
14 % of women work part-time, compared to 8 % of men. On average, women work 38 hours per week, compared to 40 hours for men. 1.3 % of working-age women versus virtually no working-age men outside the labour market or work part-time due to care responsibilities.
Gender segregation in the labour market is a reality for both women and men. Nearly 26 % of women work in education, human health and social work activities (EHW) compared to 6 % of men. Approximately four times more men (35 %) than women (8 %) work in science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM) occupations.
Description
The situation in the domain of money has improved. Gender equality has improved in the sub-domain of financial resources, but has stalled in the sub-domain of economic situation, which measures the poverty rate and income distribution.
Mean monthly earnings of women and men have increased and the gender gap has remained the same. Women earn around 9 % less than men per month.
The gender gap in earnings is higher among women and men in a couple with children and among people with middle and high levels of education, always to the detriment of women. Lone mothers and elderly women earn more than lone fathers and elderly men.
The population of women and men at risk of poverty has increased. The risk affects slightly more women than men (about 16 % and 13 %, respectively). 18 % of non-EU born women and 41 % of lone fathers are at risk of poverty.
Inequalities in income distribution have increased for women and slightly more for men. The gender pay gap is 8 % to the detriment of women. In 2012, women had lower pensions than men and the gender gap was 24 %. The EU-28 averages are above Slovenia’s values: 16 % and 38 % respectively.
Description
The score in the domain of knowledge has slightly increased. Gender equality has improved regarding segregation but has stalled in relation to attainment and participation.
The number of tertiary graduates has increased significantly, mostly among women. 27 % of women and 21 % of men have a tertiary degree. The gap, to the detriment of men, has increased. Only among elderly people (65+) are there more men than women who have completed tertiary education.
Only 16 % of women with disabilities have attained tertiary education, compared to 35 % of women without disabilities. For men these shares are, respectively, 17 % and 25 %.
Slovenia has already met its national EU2020 target to have 40 % of people aged 30-34 obtain tertiary education. The current rate is 43 %.
Women’s and men’s participation in lifelong learning has decreased.
In Slovenia, gender segregation in knowledge remains a major challenge. 39 % of women students are concentrated in the fields of education, health and welfare, humanities and arts, compared to only 16 % of men.
Description
In the domain of time, the score has stalled. The situation has become more gender unequal in the sub-domain of social activities, whereas it has slightly improved in relation to care activities.
Women take on more responsibilities to care for their family. 35 % of women care for and educate their family members for at least 1 hour per day, compared to 28 % of men. This gender gap has decreased.
81 % of women do cooking and housework every day for at least 1 hour, compared to only 28 % of men. This gender gap decreased from 2005 to 2015, and the gender gap decreases as level of education increases. Among women and men in a couple without children, the gap is larger, with 96 % of women and 19 % of men doing cooking and housework daily.
Inequality in time-sharing at home partially extends to social activities. Men are slightly more likely than women to participate both in sporting, cultural, and leisure activities outside the home (43 % and 41 %, respectively), and in voluntary or charitable activities (22 % and 18 %).
37 % of children under the age of three and 91 % of children between the age of three and school age are enrolled in childcare. Slovenia has met both of the ‘Barcelona targets’, which are to have at least 33 % of children below the age of three and 90 % of children between the age of three and school age in childcare.
Description
The score in the domain of power has significantly increased, due to the improvement of gender equality in all sub-domains. The biggest change occurred in the representation of women in the decision-making positions of the areas of political and economic power.
The sub-domain of political power has improved. The percentage of women ministers increased from 9 % in 2005 to 41 % in 2015. Gender equality has also improved in parliament, with women reaching 27 % of seats in 2015, compared to 12 % in 2005.
Publicly listed companies have shown a slight increase in the percentage of women on their corporate boards: from 19 % in 2005 to 23 % in 2015. At the same time, representation of women has more than tripled among the board members of the central bank: from 16 % in 2005 to 40 % in 2015.
43 % of the members of the boards of research funding organisations are women. Women make up about 35 % of board members of publicly owned broadcasting organisations. In sport, women comprise just 6 % of members of the highest decision-making bodies of national Olympic sport organisations.
Description
The score in the domain of health has increased slightly.
Life expectancy has increased for both women and men. Women on average live just over 6 years longer than men. When it comes to healthy life years, however, the gender gap reduces to 1 year, to the detriment of women.
62 % of women and 68 % of men assess their health as ‘good’ or ‘very good’. The level of satisfaction about one’s health increases with the level of education; moreover, the gender gap is bigger among people with a low level of education and decreases as the level of education increases. Highly educated women and men share the same opinion about their own health. Native-born women are more satisfied (57 %) with their health than foreign-born women (49 %); the gap among men is marginal.
The score of the sub-domain of access shows no change. It remains very high, however, with virtually all women and men having access to medical and dental services. The gender gap is marginal.
46 % of men smoke or drink excessively, compared to around 28 % of women. At the same time, more men than women engage in healthy behaviour (physical activities and/or consuming fruit and vegetables).
Description
Violence against women is included in the Gender Equality Index as a satellite domain. This means that the scores of the domain of violence do not have an impact on the final score of the Gender Equality Index. From a statistical perspective, the domain of violence does not measure gaps between women and men as core domains do. Rather, it measures and analyses women’s experiences of violence. Unlike other domains, the overall objective is not to reduce the gaps of violence between women and men, but to eradicate violence completely.
A high score in the Gender Equality Index means a country is close to achieving a gender-equal society. However, in the domain of violence, the higher the score, the more serious the phenomenon of violence against women in the country is. On a scale of 1 to 100, 1 represents a situation where violence is non-existent and 100 represents a situation where violence against women is extremely common, highly severe and not disclosed. The best-performing country is therefore the one with the lowest score.
Slovenia’s score for the domain of violence is 22.4, which is below the EU average of 27.5.
In Slovenia, 22 % of women have experienced physical and/or sexual violence at least once since the age of 15.
8 % of women who have experienced physical and/or sexual violence by any perpetrator in the past 12 months have not told anyone. This rate is lower than the EU average of 13 %.
At the societal level, violence against women costs Slovenia an estimated EUR 0.9 billion per year through lost economic output, service utilisation and personal costs ([1]).
The domain of violence is made up of three sub-domains: prevalence, which measures how often violence against women occurs; severity, which measures the health consequences of violence; and disclosure, which measures the reporting of violence.
[1] This is an exercise done at EU level to estimate the costs of the three major dimensions: services, lost economic output and pain and suffering of the victims. The estimates were extrapolated to the EU from a United Kingdom case study, based on population size. EIGE, Estimating the costs of gender-based violence in the European Union, Publications Office of the European Union, Luxembourg, 2014, p. 142.
Description
Slovenia’s score in the domain of work is 73.3, showing progress of 2.1 points since 2005 (+ 1.5 points since 2015), with a decreased gender gap in the sub-domain of participation.
The employment rate (of people aged 20-64) is 72 % for women and 79 % for men. With the overall employment rate of 76 %, Slovenia has reached its national EU 2020 employment target of 75 %. The full-time equivalent (FTE) employment rate remained stable for women (47 %) and decreased for men (from 60 % to 58 %) between 2005 and 2017, narrowing the gender gap (from 14 percentage points (p.p.) to 11 p.p.). The FTE employment rates are equal for women and men with high levels of education (74 %), while the gender gap persists between women and men with low and medium education levels (around 14 p.p.). Around 15 % of women work part-time, compared to 7 % of men. On average, women work 38 hours per week and men work 40.
The uneven concentration of women and men in different sectors of the labour market remains an issue. Around 27 % of women work in education, health and social work, compared to 6 % of men. Fewer women (9 %) than men (36 %) work in science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM) occupations.
Description
Slovenia’s score in the domain of money is 82.4, showing progress of 4.7 points since 2005 (+ 0.8 points since 2015), with improvements in the financial and economic situations of women and men.
Although mean monthly earnings of both women and men increased by around 20 % from 2005 to 2017, the gender gap persists: women earn 9 % less than men. In couples with children, women earn 20 % less than men (13 % less for women in couples without children). Among people born outside Slovenia, women earn 23 % less than men, compared to native-born women earning 11 % less than native-born men.
The risk of poverty slightly increased between 2005 and 2017: 15 % of women and 12 % of men (+ 1 p.p. for both) are at risk. People facing the highest risk of poverty are single people (41 % of women and 33 % of men), lone parents (30 %), and women with low levels of education (29 %). Inequalities in income distribution slightly increased among women from 2005 to 2017. Women earn on average 92 cents for every euro a man makes per hour, resulting in a gender pay gap of 8 %. The gender pension gap is around 18 %.
Description
Slovenia’s score in the domain of knowledge is 56.0, showing progress of 3.9 points since 2005 (+ 1.0 point since 2015). Slovenia moved forward two positions to rank 19th in the EU in the domain of knowledge. There is a slight regression in the sub-domain of attainment and participation and progress in the sub-domain of segregation.
Tertiary educational attainment increased in Slovenia for both women (from 16 % to 29 %) and men (from 15 % to 22 %), between 2005 and 2017. The gender gap in attainment is significantly wider among lone parents (28 p.p.) and between women and men aged 25-49 (20 p.p.). Slovenia has met its national EU 2020 target of having 40 % of people aged 30-34 with tertiary education. The current rate is 43 % (with 56 % for women and only 32 % for men). Participation in lifelong learning slightly decreased in Slovenia between 2005 and 2017. Around 19 % of women and 16 % of men engage in formal and informal education and training.
Despite improvements in the sub-domain of segregation, the uneven concentration of women and men in different study fields in tertiary education remains a challenge for Slovenia. About 41 % of women students compared to only 17 % of men students study education, health and welfare, or humanities and art.
Description
Slovenia’s score in the domain of time has not changed since the last edition of the Index, because new data is not available. The next data update for this domain is expected in 2021. More frequent time-use data would help to track progress in this domain.
In the domain of time, Slovenia’s score is 72.9, which is above the EU’s score of 65.7. Gender inequalities have decreased in the sharing of care responsibilities and have increased in time share related to social activities since 2005. Similar shares of women (41 %) and men (43 %) participate in sporting, cultural and leisure activities outside the home. Women are less likely to be involved in voluntary and charitable activities (18 % compared to 22 % of men).
Women take on more family care responsibilities: 35 % of women care for and educate their family members for at least one hour per day, compared to 28 % of men. The gender gap has narrowed between them (from 12 p.p. to 8 p.p.). The share of women doing cooking and housework every day for at least one hour is almost three times higher (81 %) than that of men (28 %). This gender gap has narrowed from 60 p.p. to 54 p.p.
Description
Slovenia’s score in the domain of power is 57.6, a 21.1-point increase since 2005 (– 3.0 points since 2015). This domain improved the most over time, and ranks seventh in the EU. There are improvements in all sub-domains, with striking development in the sub-domain of political power, which is progressing three times faster than the EU’s score.
Slovenia introduced a legislative candidate quota of 35 % in 2006, which supported an increase in the representation of women in parliament. The share of women parliamentarians rose from 12 % to 24 % between 2005 and 2018, and the share of women ministers increased from 7 % to 41 % over the same period. Around 32 % of local councils members are women.
The share of women on the boards of the largest publicly listed companies increased from 19 % to 27 % between 2005 and 2018. The share of women on the board of the central bank has remained 20 % since 2005. In the sub-domain of social power women comprise 43 % of board members of research-funding organisations, 36 % of board members of publicly owned broadcasting organisations and just 4 % of members of the highest decision-making bodies of national Olympic sports organisations.
Description
Slovenia’s score in the domain of health is 87.1, which is 1 point below the EU’s score, with no significant change since 2005 (– 0.6 points since 2015). The sub-domain of health status increased while the sub-domain of access to health services declined. There is no new data for the sub-domain of health behaviour.
Self-perceptions of good health increased for both women (from 51 % to 62 %) and men (from 57 % to 69 %) between 2005 and 2017. Health satisfaction rises in proportion to levels of education and declines in proportion to increases in age. The gender gap is most significant between women and men with low levels of education (20 p.p.), and single women and men (14 p.p.). Life expectancy increased for both women and men from 2005 to 2016. Women on average live six years longer than men (84 years compared to 78 years). Healthy life years have decreased for women (by two years) and increased for men (by three years) since 2005.
There is also a general decline in access to adequate health services from 2005 to 2017. A higher share of women and men report unmet needs for medical examinations (5 % and 3 % compared to 1 % in 2005). Unmet needs for dental care also increased for both women and men (from 1 % to 5 %). More women and men with disabilities report unmet needs for medical care (8 % for both) compared to women and men without disabilities (5 % and 3 %).
Description
Why is there no score for the violence domain?
There is no new data to update the score for violence, which is why no figure is given. Eurostat is currently coordinating an EU-wide survey on gender-based violence, with results expected in 2023. EIGE will launch a second round of administrative data collection on intimate partner violence, rape and femicide in 2022. Both data sources will be used to update the domain of violence in the Gender Equality Index 2024.
Unlike the other domains of the Index, the domain of violence does not measure differences between women’s and men’s situations; rather, it examines women’s experiences of violence (prevalence, severity and disclosure). The overall objective is not to reduce the gaps in violence between women and men, but to eradicate violence completely.
Data gaps mask the true scale of violence
The EU needs comprehensive, up-to-date and comparable data to develop effective policies that combat violence against women.
During the COVID-19 lockdowns, women in violent relationships were stuck at home and exposed to their abuser for long periods of time, putting them at greater risk of domestic violence. Even without a pandemic, women face the greatest danger from people they know.
Istanbul Convention: state of play
The Istanbul Convention is the most comprehensive international human rights treaty on violence against women and domestic violence. Slovenia signed the Istanbul Convention in September 2011 and ratified it in February 2015. The treaty entered into force in June 2015.
Description
A lack of evidence to assess violence against women
No score is given to Slovenia in the domain of violence, due to a lack of comparable EU-wide data.
During the COVID-19 pandemic, restrictions on mobility and increased isolation exposed women to a higher risk of violence committed by an intimate partner. While the full extent of violence during the pandemic is difficult to assess, media and women’s organisations have reported a sharp increase in the demand for services for women victims of violence. At the same time, the COVID-19 pandemic has exposed and exacerbated pre-existing gaps in the prevention of violence against women and the provision of adequately funded victim support services.
Eurostat is currently coordinating a survey on gender-based violence in the EU but not all Member States are taking part. EIGE, together with the EU’s Fundamental Rights Agency (FRA), will collect data for the remaining countries to have an EU-wide comparable data on violence against women. Data collection will be completed in 2023, and the results will be used to update the domain of violence in the Gender Equality Index 2024.
Violence at a glance
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Femicide
In 2018, over 600 women were murdered by an intimate partner, a family member or a relative in 14 EU Member States, according to official reports. In Slovenia, five women were killed by a family member in 2018. There is no available data on the number of women killed by a partner.
Source: Eurostat, 2018 - Physical and/or sexual violence
47 % of women who experienced physical and/or sexual violence, experienced it in their own home .
9 % of lesbian women and 10 % of bisexual women were physically or sexually attacked in the past five years for being LGBTI .
Source: FRA’s Fundamental Rights Survey and LGBTI Survey II, 2019 - Harassment
32 % of women experienced harassment in the past five years, and 21 % in the past 12 months.
26 % of women with disabilities experienced harassment in the past five years, and 17 % in the past 12 months.
Source: FRA’s Fundamental Rights Survey, 2019 - Cyberviolence
12 % of women were subjected to cyber harassment in the past five years, and 6 % in the past 12 months.
Among women aged 16-29, 31 % experienced cyber harassment in the past five years, and 17 % in the past 12 months.
Source: FRA’s Fundamental Rights Survey, 2019 - Female Genital Mutilation (FGM)
No data available.
Istanbul Convention: state of play
The Istanbul Convention is the most comprehensive international human rights treaty on preventing and combating violence against women and domestic violence. Slovenia signed the Istanbul Convention in September 2011 and ratified it in February 2015. The treaty entered into force in June 2015.
Description
A lack of evidence to assess violence against women
No score is given to Slovenia in the domain of violence, due to a lack of comparable EU-wide data.
Femicide
In 2020, 788 women were murdered by an intimate partner, a family member or a relative in 17 EU Member States, according to official reports. In Slovenia, five women were killed by a family member and one woman was killed by her partner in 2020.
Source: Eurostat, 2020
Istanbul Convention: state of play
The Istanbul Convention is the most comprehensive international human rights treaty on preventing and combatting violence against women and domestic violence. Slovenia signed the Istanbul Convention in September 2011 and ratified it in February 2015. The treaty entered into force in June 2015.
EIGE/FRA survey
The EU Agency for Fundamental Rights (FRA) and the European Institute for Gender Equality (EIGE) will carry out a survey on violence against women (VAW II) in eight EU Member States (CZ, DE, IE, CY, LU, HU, RO, SE), which will complement the Eurostat-led data collection on gender-based violence and other forms of interpersonal violence (EU-GBV) in the remaining countries. The use of a unified methodology will ensure the availability of comparable data across all EU Member States. Data collection will be completed in 2023, and the results will be used to update the domain of violence in the Gender Equality Index 2024 and its thematic focus on violence against women.
Description
Pomanjkanje dokazov za oceno nasilja nad ženskami
Slovenija na področju nasilja nima ocene zaradi pomanjkanja primerljivih podatkov za celotno EU.
Med pandemijo covida-19 so bile ženske zaradi omejitev gibanja in povečane osamitve izpostavljene večjemu tveganju nasilja, ki ga zagreši intimni partner. Medtem ko je celoten obseg nasilja med pandemijo težko oceniti, mediji in ženske organizacije poročajo o velikem povečanju povpraševanja po storitvah za ženske, ki so žrtve nasilja. Hkrati je pandemija covida-19 razkrila in zaostrila že obstoječe vrzeli pri preprečevanju nasilja nad ženskami in zagotavljanju ustrezno financiranih storitev za podporo žrtvam.
Eurostat trenutno usklajuje raziskavo o nasilju na podlagi spola v EU, vendar pri tem ne sodelujejo vse države članice. Inštitut EIGE bo skupaj z Agencijo EU za temeljne pravice (FRA) zbral podatke za preostale države, da bi imeli za celotno EU primerljive podatke o nasilju nad ženskami. Zbiranje podatkov bo zaključeno leta 2023, rezultati pa bodo uporabljeni za posodobitev področja nasilja v indeksu enakosti spolov za leto 2024.
Na kratko o nasilju
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Femicid
Po uradnih poročilih je leta 2018 v 14 državah članicah EU več kot 600 žensk ubil intimni partner, družinski član ali sorodnik. V Sloveniji je leta 2018 pet žensk ubil družinski član. Podatki o številu žensk, ki jih je ubil partner, niso na voljo.
Vir: Eurostat, 2018 - Fizično in/ali spolno nasilje
47 % žensk, ki so doživele fizično in/ali spolno nasilje, ga je doživelo doma .
V zadnjih petih letih je bilo fizično ali spolno napadenih 9 % lezbijk in 10 % biseksualnih žensk zaradi pripadnosti skupinam LGBTI .
Vir: Raziskava agencije FRA o temeljnih pravicah in raziskava o LGBTI II, 2019 - Nadlegovanje
V zadnjih petih letih je 32 % žensk doživelo nadlegovanje, v zadnjih 12 mesecih pa 21 %.
Nadlegovanje je v zadnjih petih letih doživelo 26 % invalidnih žensk, v zadnjih 12 mesecih pa 17 %.
Vir: Raziskava agencije FRA o temeljnih pravicah, 2019 - Spletno nasilje
V zadnjih petih letih je bilo 12 % žensk žrtev kibernetskega nadlegovanja, v zadnjih 12 mesecih pa 6 %.
Med ženskami, starimi od 16 do 29 let, jih je v zadnjih petih letih kibernetsko nadlegovanje doživelo 31 %, v zadnjih 12 mesecih pa 17 %.
Vir: Raziskava agencije FRA o temeljnih pravicah, 2019 - Pohabljanje ženskih spolovil
Ni razpoložljivih podatkov
Istanbulska konvencija: stanje
Istanbulska konvencija je najbolj celovita mednarodna pogodba na področju človekovih pravic glede nasilja nad ženskami in družinskega nasilja. Slovenija je Istanbulsko konvencijo podpisala septembra 2011 in jo ratificirala februarja 2015. Pogodba je začela veljati junija 2015.
Description
Pomanjkanje dokazov za oceno nasilja nad ženskami
Slovenija na področju nasilja ni bila ocenjena zaradi pomanjkanja primerljivih podatkov za celotno EU.
Femicid
Po uradnih poročilih je leta 2020 v 17 državah članicah EU 788 žensk ubil intimni partner, družinski član ali sorodnik. V Sloveniji je leta 2020 pet žensk ubil družinski član, eno pa je ubil njen partner.
Vir: Eurostat, 2020
Istanbulska konvencija: stanje
Istanbulska konvencija je najbolj celovita mednarodna pogodba na področju človekovih pravic glede preprečevanja nasilja nad ženskami in družinskega nasilja ter o boju proti njima Slovenija je Istanbulsko konvencijo podpisala septembra 2011 in jo ratificirala februarja 2015. Pogodba je začela veljati junija 2015.
Anketa inštituta EIGE/agencije FRA
Agencija Evropske unije za temeljne pravice (FRA) in Evropski inštitut za enakost spolov (EIGE) bosta izvedla anketo o nasilju nad ženskami (VAW II) v osmih državah članicah EU (Češka, Nemčija, Irska, Ciper, Luksemburg, Madžarska, Romunija, Švedska), ki bo dopolnjevala zbiranje podatkov v okviru Eurostata v zvezi z nasiljem na podlagi spola in drugimi oblikami medosebnega nasilja (EU-GBV) v ostalih državah. Z uporabo poenotene metodologije se bo zagotovila razpoložljivost primerljivih podatkov v vseh državah članicah EU. Zbiranje podatkov bo zaključeno leta 2023, rezultati pa bodo uporabljeni za posodobitev področja nasilja v indeksu enakosti spolov za leto 2024 in njegove tematske osredotočenosti na nasilje nad ženskami.
Description
A lack of evidence to assess violence against women
No score is given to Slovenia in the domain of violence, due to a lack of comparable EU-wide data.
Femicide
In 2021, 720 women were murdered by an intimate partner, family member or relative in 17 EU Member States, according to official reports. In Slovenia, one woman was murdered by an intimate partner, and five women were murdered by a family member.
Source: Eurostat, 2021
Violence at a glance
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Intimate partner violence
In Slovenia, 28 % of women who have ever been in a relationship have experienced violence by an intimate partner during their adult life. In total, 13 % have experienced physical violence (including threats) or sexual violence, while 26 % have experienced psychological violence. Around 5 % have experienced intimate partner violence during the last 12 months, while 11 % have experienced it in the last 5 years.
Source: Eurostat, 2021
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Sexual harassment at work
In Slovenia, around 1 in 3 women who have ever worked have experienced sexual harassment at work. Up to 7 % of women have experienced sexual harassment at work in the last 12 months, while 15 % have experienced it in the last 5 years.
Source: Eurostat, 2021
Istanbul Convention: state of play
The Istanbul Convention is the most comprehensive international human rights treaty on preventing and combatting violence against women and domestic violence. Slovenia signed the Istanbul Convention in September 2011, and ratified it in February 2015. The treaty entered into force in Slovenia in June 2015.
The European Council approved the EU’s accession to the Istanbul Convention on 1 June 2023.
EIGE/FRA survey on violence against women
The Fundamental Rights Agency (FRA) and the European Institute for Gender Equality (EIGE) will carry out a survey on violence against women (VAW II) in eight EU Member States (CZ, DE, IE, CY, LU, HU, RO, SE), which will complement the Eurostat-led data collection on gender-based violence and other forms of interpersonal violence (EU-GBV) in the remaining countries. The use of a unified methodology will ensure the availability of comparable data across all EU Member States. Data collection will be completed this year, and the results will be used to update the domain of violence in the Gender Equality Index 2024, with its thematic focus on violence against women.
Description
Pomanjkanje dokazov za oceno nasilja nad ženskami
Slovenija na področju nasilja ni bila ocenjena zaradi pomanjkanja primerljivih podatkov za celotno EU.
Femicid
Po uradnih poročilih je leta 2021 v 17 državah članicah EU 720 žensk ubil intimni partner, družinski član ali sorodnik. V Sloveniji je eno žensko umoril intimni partner, pet žensk pa družinski član.
Vir: Eurostat, 2021
Na kratko o nasilju
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Nasilje intimnega partnerja
V Sloveniji je 28 % žensk, ki so bile kdajkoli v partnerskem odnosu, v odrasli dobi doživelo nasilje s strani intimnega partnerja. Skupno jih je 13 % doživelo fizično (vključno z grožnjami) ali spolno nasilje, 26 % pa psihološko nasilje. Približno 5 % jih je v zadnjih 12 mesecih doživelo nasilje v partnerski zvezi, 11 % pa v zadnjih petih letih.
Vir: Eurostat, 2021
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Spolno nadlegovanje na delovnem mestu
V Sloveniji je bila približno vsaka tretja ženska, ki je kdaj delala, na delovnem mestu žrtev spolnega nadlegovanja. Okoli 7 % žensk je v zadnjih 12 mesecih doživelo spolno nadlegovanje na delovnem mestu, 15 % pa v zadnjih petih letih.
Vir: Eurostat, 2021
Istanbulska konvencija: stanje
Istanbulska konvencija je najbolj celovita mednarodna pogodba na področju človekovih pravic glede preprečevanja nasilja nad ženskami in družinskega nasilja ter o boju proti njima. Slovenija je Istanbulsko konvencijo podpisala septembra 2011 in jo ratificirala februarja 2015. Pogodba je v Sloveniji začela veljati junija 2015.
Evropski svet je odobril pristop EU k Istanbulski konvenciji 1. junija 2023.
Anketa inštituta EIGE/agencije FRA
Agencija Evropske unije za temeljne pravice (FRA) in Evropski inštitut za enakost spolov (EIGE) bosta izvedla raziskavo o nasilju nad ženskami (VAW II) v osmih državah članicah EU (na Češkem, v Nemčiji, na Irskem, Cipru, v Luksemburgu, na Madžarskem, v Romuniji in na Švedskem), ki bo dopolnjevala zbiranje podatkov v okviru Eurostata v zvezi z nasiljem na podlagi spola in drugimi oblikami medosebnega nasilja (EU-GBV) v ostalih državah. Z uporabo poenotene metodologije se bo zagotovila razpoložljivost primerljivih podatkov v vseh državah članicah EU. Zbiranje podatkov bo zaključeno letos, rezultati pa bodo uporabljeni za posodobitev področja nasilja v indeksu enakosti spolov za leto 2024 in njegove tematske osredotočenosti na nasilje nad ženskami.
Thematic focus information
Description
In 2016, 19 % of women and 13 % of men aged 20-49 (potential parents) were ineligible for parental leave in Slovenia. Unemployment or inactivity was the main reason for ineligibility for 98 % of women and 95 % of men. Being in a same-sex relationship was a reason for ineligibility for the remaining women and men.
Among the employed population, all women and men were eligible for parental leave (with the exception of same-sex couples).
Description
Most informal carers for older persons and/or persons with disabilities in Slovenia are women (61 %). The shares of women and men involved in informal care for older persons and/or people with disabilities several days a week or every day are 14 % and 10 %. The proportion of women involved in informal care is 1 p.p. lower than the EU average, while the involvement of men is the same. About 19 % of women and 14 % of men aged 50-64 take care of older persons and/or persons with disabilities, in comparison to 14 % of women and 9 % of men in the 20-49 age group. Around 51 % of women carers for older persons and/or persons with disabilities are employed, compared to 58 % of men combining care with professional responsibilities.
There are also fewer women than men informal carers working in the EU. But the gender gap is narrower in Slovenia than in the EU (7 p.p. compared to 14 p.p. for the EU). In the 50-64 age group, 47 % of women informal carers work, compared to 65 % of men. Around 22 % of women and men in Slovenia report unmet needs for professional home care services.
Description
In Slovenia, 55 % of all informal carers of children are women. Overall, 49 % of women and 52 % of men are involved in caring for or educating their children or grandchildren at least several times a week. Compared to the EU average (56 % of women and 50 % of men), fewer women and slightly more men are involved in caring for or educating their children or grandchildren in Slovenia. The gender gaps are wider among women and men who are not working (32 % and 26 %), and between women and men working in the public sector (65 % and 69 %).
Slovenia has reached both Barcelona targets to have at least 33 % of children below the age of three and 90 % of children between the age of three and school age in childcare. About 45 % of children below the age of three are under some form of formal care arrangement, and 41 % of children this age are in formal childcare for at least 30 hours a week. Formal childcare is provided for 94 % of children from age three to the minimum compulsory school age (86 % are in formal childcare for at least 30 hours a week).
Around 9 % of households in Slovenia report unmet needs for formal childcare services. Lone mothers are more likely to report higher unmet needs for formal childcare services (15 %), compared to couples with children (8 %).
Description
In Slovenia, men spend more time commuting to and from work than women (around 42 minutes per day for men and 38 minutes for women). Women and men in couples with children spend a greater amount of time commuting (39 minutes and 44 minutes) compared to women and men in couples without children (36 minutes and 38 minutes). Single women commute 14 minutes less per day than single men (31 minutes compared to 45 minutes). Women commute slightly more than men, if they work part-time, and spend less time commuting than men, if work full-time. Women working part-time travel 35 minutes from home to work and back, while men commute 34 minutes, compared to 38 minutes for women and 43 minutes for men working full-time.
Generally, men are more likely to travel directly to and from work, whereas women make more multi-purpose trips, to fit in other activities such as school drop-offs or grocery shopping.
Description
Around 62 % of women and 58 % of men have no control over their working time arrangements. Access to flexible working arrangements is lower for both women and men in Slovenia than in the EU, where 57 % of women and 54 % of men have no possibility to change their working time arrangements. Around 56 % of women and 53 % of men working in the private sector have no control over their working time arrangements. Access to flexible working time is lower in the public sector: 73 % of both women and men have no control over their working time arrangements.
Even though there are more women than men working part-time in Slovenia, fewer women (28 %) than men (39 %) part-time workers transitioned to full-time work in 2017. The gender gap is narrower than in the EU, where 14 % of women and 28 % of men moved from part-time to full-time work.
Description
Slovenia’s participation rate in lifelong learning (12 %) is above the EU average (11 %), with the sixth widest gender gap (4 p.p.) in the EU. Women (aged 25-64) are more likely to participate in education and training than men regardless of their employment status, 16 % of women employees participate in lifelong learning activities compared to 12 % of men employees. Conflicts with work schedules are a barrier to participation in lifelong learning to a similar extent for women (26 %) as for men (27 %). Family responsibilities are reported as a barrier to engagement in education and training for 31 % of women compared to 24 % of men.
Both work schedules and family responsibilities are less of an obstacle for participation in lifelong learning in Slovenia than in the EU overall. In the EU, 38 % of women and 43 % of men report their work schedule as an obstacle, and 40 % of women and 24 % of men report that family responsibilities hinder participation in lifelong learning.
Description
The Gender Equality Index 2020 focuses on digitalisation and the future of work. The thematic focus looks at three areas:
- use and development of digital skills and technologies
- digital transformation of the world of work
- broader consequences of digitalisation for human rights, violence against women and caring activities
Description
The Gender Equality Index 2021 focuses on gender inequalities in health. The thematic focus analyses the following aspects of health in the EU:
- health status and mental health
- heath behaviour
- access to health services
- sexual and reproductive health
- the COVID-19 pandemic.
Description
The Gender Equality Index 2022 focuses on socio-economic consequences resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic. The thematic focus analyses the following aspects:
- Childcare
- Long-term care
- Housework
- Flexible working arrangement
The data was gathered using a survey that was carried out in all EU Member States between June and July 2021. Both the survey design and data collection timeframe ensured a comprehensive coverage of the COVID-19 pandemic’s impact. The survey was conducted using an international web panel with a quota sampling method based on a stratification approach[1]. It targeted the general population, aged between 20 and 64 years. Representative quotas were designed based on 2020 Eurostat population statistics. Post-stratification weighting was carried out to adjust for differences between the sample and population distribution in key variables and to ensure the sample accurately reflected the socio-demographic structure of the target population.
[1] The data was collected via a web survey using the international panel platform CINT as a main resource. CINT is an international platform that brings together several international panels, reaching more than 100 million registered panellists across more than 150 countries. To fulfil the required sampling in small countries, additional panel providers (IPSOS, TOLUNA, KANTAR) were engaged, which allowed for the same profiling requirements of the respondents and GDPR compliance.
Description
Indeks enakosti spolov za leto 2021 se osredotoča na neenakosti spolov na področju zdravja. Tematska osredotočenost analizira naslednje vidike zdravja v EU:
- zdravstveno stanje in duševno zdravje,
- z zdravjem povezano vedenje,
- dostop do zdravstvenega varstva,
- spolno in reproduktivno zdravje,
- pandemija covida-19.
Description
Indeks enakosti spolov za leto 2022 se osredotoča na socialno-ekonomske posledice pandemije covida-19. V okviru tematske osredotočenosti so analizirani naslednji vidiki:
- nega in varstvo otrok,
- dolgotrajna oskrba,
- gospodinjsko delo,
- spremembe prožnih ureditev dela.
Podatki so bili zbrani v okviru ankete, ki so jo izvedli v vseh državah članicah EU med junijem in julijem 2021. Z zasnovo ankete in časovnim okvirom zbiranja podatkov so bili zagotovljeni izčrpni podatki o vplivu pandemije covida-19. Anketa je bila izvedena v okviru mednarodnega spletnega panela z metodo kvotnega vzorčenja, ki temelji na pristopu stratifikacije[1]. Usmerjena je bila v splošno prebivalstvo, staro med 20 in 64 let. Reprezentativne kvote so bile oblikovane na podlagi statističnih podatkov Eurostata o prebivalstvu iz leta 2020. Po stratifikaciji je bilo izvedeno uteževanje, da bi se dosegle prilagoditve razlik med porazdelitvijo vzorca in prebivalstva v ključnih spremenljivkah ter da bi zagotovili, da vzorec ustrezno predstavlja socialno-demografsko strukturo ciljnega prebivalstva.
[1] Podatki so bili zbrani prek spletne ankete, pri čemer je bila glavni vir mednarodna panelna platforma CINT. CINT je mednarodna platforma, ki združuje več mednarodnih panelov in tako zajema več kot 100 milijonov registriranih članov v več kot 150 državah. Da bi se doseglo zahtevano vzorčenje v majhnih državah, so bili vključeni dodatni ponudniki panelov (IPSOS, TOLUNA, KANTAR), zaradi česar so bile omogočene enake zahteve za profiliranje anketirancev in skladnost s splošno uredbo o varstvu podatkov.
Description
The Gender Equality Index 2023 focuses on the socially fair transition of the European Green Deal. Its thematic focus analyses the following aspects:
- Public attitudes and behaviours on climate change and mitigation
- Energy
- Transport
- Decision-making
The data was collected through various surveys, such as the EIGE 2022 survey on gender gaps in unpaid care, individual and social activities, as well as other EU-wide surveys.1 The EIGE survey focused on gender differences in unpaid care, including links to transport, the environment and personal consumption and behaviour.
[1] The following sources were used: the EIGE survey on gender gaps in unpaid care, individual and social activities; the European Social Survey; Eurostat-LFS; EU-SILC; education statistics; and the EIGE’s WiDM.
Description
Indeks enakosti spolov za leto 2023 se osredotoča na socialno pravičen prehod v okviru evropskega zelenega dogovora. V okviru tematske osredotočenosti so analizirani naslednji vidiki:
- odnos in vedenje javnosti v zvezi s podnebnimi spremembami in njihovo blažitvijo,
- energija,
- promet,
- odločanje.
Podatki so bili zbrani z različnimi raziskavami, kot so raziskava inštituta EIGE iz leta 2022 o razlikah med spoloma pri neplačani oskrbi, individualne in socialne dejavnoste ter druge vseevropske raziskave.1 Raziskava inštituta EIGE se je osredotočila na razlike med spoloma pri neplačani oskrbi, vključno s povezavami s prometom, okoljem ter osebno porabo in vedenjem.
[1] Uporabljeni so bili naslednji viri: raziskava inštituta EIGE o razlikah med spoloma pri neplačani oskrbi ter individualnih in socialnih dejavnostih, Evropski družbeni pregled, Eurostatov anketa o delovni sili, statistični podatki o dohodku in življenjskih pogojih (EU-SILC), statistični podatki o izobraževanju ter WiDM inštituta EIGE.