… employment, contribute to high infection levels in women-dominated frontline sectors (OECD, 2020b; Pelling, 2021; … 2021c). Most governments in the EU established lists of occupations deemed ‘critical’, ‘essential’ or ‘key’ (EIGE, … 2021 Eurofound COVID-19 e-survey reported 29 % of male respondents as vaccine hesitant, compared with 25 % of …
… is partly responsible for the gender pay gap , as fields dominated by men tend to be more highly paid than those … lucrative once men entered the profession [3] . The five occupations across the EU with the largest skills shortages , … for example, only gained importance when a male candidate possessed this attribute. The impact of …
… skills. Men have been found to rapidly leave jobs dominated by women due to social stigma, with some preferring … [3][4] . Less than half of EU citizens believe gender equality has been achieved at work. Source: Eurobarometer [5] … mental health, and job satisfaction among women in male-dominated industries’, Journal of Applied Social …
… women and men work in different economic activities and occupations (Eurostat, 2018), with those that are female dominated often being underpaid and undervalued. Both women … the gender pay gap (EIGE, 2019c). In these generally male-dominated jobs, the pay tends to be higher than in much …
… parents and carers and to contribute to the achievement of equality between women and men in the labour market. The … more women do regular home-based telework than their male partners in order to combine work and domestic demands … co-workers) (Purvanova and Muros, 2010). Working in male-dominated jobs may add to the overall stress for women, for …
… but few women benefit Newly emerging high-skilled occupations in the STEM and ICT sectors tend to offer … job title, while 39 % of women (67 % of men) have mostly male co-workers within the same function (Figure 48). This … involving complex tasks (e.g. software development, dominated by men). Work autonomy may well be a mirage for …
… had opted to enrol in STEM studies, compared with 42 % of male students. As a result, STEM studies are largely dominated by male students (68 % versus 32 % of female … only one third of recent STEM graduate women work in STEM occupations, compared with one in two recent STEM graduate …
… sectors with a high presence of women and on professions dominated by women. Women have also experienced additional … by making sure that targeted support measures reach beyond male-dominated sectors or by recognising the value of some … and men to choose non-traditional educational paths and occupations. Domain of time The domain of time is …
… higher than women’s in every occupation. Earnings in men-dominatedoccupations tend to be higher than in women-dominated … working life. Pension schemes continue to reflect the ‘male breadwinner model’ . In societies dominated by this …
… has traditionally focused on enhancing women’s equality, empowerment and social inclusion, its development … severe gender gaps and may earn 30% to 40% less than their male counterparts. The gender pay gap for self‑employment … science, technology and engineering sectors, are mostly dominated by men. The number of women who actually own …
… situation, in 2012 the ORF introduced a six-year gender equality plan. It aims to promote gender equality and women’s … The main obstacles it may face are opposition from male employees who fear their career prospects are … and internal as well as external influence by male-dominated interest groups. Its implementation may suffer from …
… First of all, there are fewer women in highly visible occupations such as politics, so production staff have to go … among colleagues that listeners only want to hear male voices on air. A lack of self-confidence on the part of … women’s voice in those domains that are traditionally male-dominated, such as current affairs and politics, enabling …
… behaviour. Therefore, collective beliefs about ‘typical male’ or ‘typical female’ roles might contribute to the … and facilitation of production remains a markedly women-dominated subsector of the cultural sphere. This relates … by women, but there is clear gender segregation in many occupations and organisations, both between and within …
… in science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM) occupations; parents are more likely to expect their sons, … health, social work and education were the most women-dominated sectors, with 30% of women and 8% of men employed … set of beliefs about what it means to be female or male. Gender stereotypes are complex and vary along the …
… and men over/under-represented in various sectors and occupations. In 2012, women accounted for only 9% of workers … EU-28 female worker spent 20 hours more than the average male worker on unpaid work, while in 2010 this difference … women’s in every occupation. Moreover, earnings in male-dominatedoccupations tend to be higher than in …
… longer than men in all parts of Europe and there are more male deaths than female deaths in the working-age population … workforce The workforce in the healthcare sector is dominated by women, with 78% of workers being female in the … the female healthcare workforce is usually concentrated in occupations such as nursing, midwifery and other ‘care’ …
… straight to city centres. This mostly benefits peak-hour male commuter patterns and the needs of car and motorcycle … men predominate as drivers/pilots, technicians, or in occupations involving physical work and a heavy workload, … better for men than for women. Access to traditionally men-dominated jobs remains problematic, despite the fact that …