… participation (Akgunduz & Plantenga, 2012; Genre, Salvador, & Lamo, 2010; Misra, Budig, & Boeckmann, 2011; … IT, LT, RO and SK. In IE, there is no well-paid leave. In EL, the gap displayed is for the private sector. In the … apply for income-related benefit. Seven Member States (CY, EL, IE, MT, ES, NL, UK) provide unpaid parental leave, and in …