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        • What is Gender Equality Training
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            • 1. Assess the needs
            • 2. Integrate initiatives to broader strategy
            • 3. Ensure sufficient resources
            • 4. Write good terms of reference
            • 5. Select a trainer
            • 6. Engage in the needs assessment
            • 7. Actively participate in the initiative
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            • 9. Monitoring framework and procedures
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        • Designing effective Gender Equality Training
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        • What is Gender Impact Assessment
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        • Guide to Gender Impact Assessment
          • Step 1: Definition of policy purpose
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        • What is Institutional Transformation
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        • Guide to Institutional Transformation
            • 1. Creating accountability and strengthening commitment
            • 2. Allocating resources
            • 3. Conducting an organisational analysis
            • 4. Developing a strategy and work plan
            • 5. Establishing a support structure
            • 6. Setting gender equality objectives
            • 7. Communicating gender mainstreaming
            • 8. Introducing gender mainstreaming
            • 9. Developing gender equality competence
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            • 1. Strengthening accountability
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            • 10. Establishing a gender information management system
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      • Gender Equality in Academia and Research
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        • WHAT
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          • AREA 1 – Women and men have equal opportunities to ENTER the parliament
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          • Tool 1: Connecting the EU Funds with the EU’s regulatory framework on gender equality
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          • Tool 2: Analysing gender inequalities and gender needs at the national and sub-national levels
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            • Step 1. Collect information and disaggregated data on the target group
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          • Tool 3: Operationalising gender equality in policy objectives and specific objectives/measures
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          • Tool 4: Coordination and complementarities between the EU Funds to advance work-life balance
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            • Step 1. Alignment with the EU’s strategic engagement goals for gender equality and national gender equality goals
            • Steps 2 and 3. Identifying and developing possible work-life balance interventions
            • Step 4. Following-up through the use of indicators within M&E systems
            • Fictional case study 1: reconciling paid work and childcare
            • Fictional case study 2: reconciling shift work and childcare
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          • Tool 5: Defining partnerships and multi-level governance
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My personal story

PrintDownload as PDF
Narrative
Country: Portugal
Sex:
Male
Primary Topic:
CHILDHOOD / FAMILY LIFE / RELATIONSHIPS
Year:
1950, 2010

R: (…) the fact of being a man didn’t influence anything in my choices (…) I thought it was natural, from the beginning, that the role of men and women should be similar, respecting the sex differences, and, for that, you can take as an example my wedding and the children that resulted from it, and me and my wife’s work on their education. What I say is that, since the beginning, I have always considered equal the work of men and women. We worked for the State, we were both teachers, my wife is no longer a teacher (she’s retired), we applied a principle, more than usual, that is who has children takes care of them, who has no money has no addictions. Because we were teachers, we were lucky to be able to always educate our children, so it was always there the father or the mother, till they were able to go to kindergarten (…) when there are many of people (at home), I cook. (…) In certain times, it was me who ironed, etc. So, we always shared tasks, it never happened: “you do it because you are a woman, or I’ll do it because I’m a man”. Except for things that really demand brute force and usually men are more brute, so they have more strength, and because of that they are done by me. The rest of the things, during the years, the children’s education were equal, except for the breastfeeding, I say it was the same after the baby bottle. The first times, I must confess, baths and stuff, because of various motives that have to do with my own vision of what is to be a mother, I didn’t bathed my children. Besides I was afraid of holding that small thing (baby); I thought that it should be the mother to do it, but then I even gave bath to the baby… (…)
(...)

R: (...) I think that in that period the mother is more important than the father.

I: Why do you think so?

R: (…) I think it has to do with what I observe in the nature, etc., etc., in different kinds… since simians, and so on. In spite of being possible for male and female to cooperate, in the majority of the situations, who has more work, taking care, etc., etc., it’s the female. And I think that in what humans are concerned this role isn’t reduced, it isn’t eliminated, and it would be more and more important… What happens is that society’s development and women’s options, their independence desires, that are more than legitimate, but women’s independence doesn’t mean not understanding a certain thing nor, for me, to deny that in the first years of a child’s life, the role of the mother is much more important than the father’s. Much more important! And if the presence of the mother isn’t there, in medium/long term, the child, the youngster, the adult will resent it.
(…)

R: (…) there are strings, umbilical ties that can’t be broken independently of women’s dreams and aspirations, that are legitimate. So, I think that they can perfectly join this dream, this aspiration, with the biological part, I mean: there is a period in which I won’t be able to do it, but then I’ll be able to do it. Because then the other part (man) can cooperate, participate more and better, but there is a period in which the presence of the mother… I think it’s fundamental. I think it’s fundamental.
(…)

R: (…) I could say and I do say that I would be as able as my wife of taking care of my little children, but that umbilical relation of mother and son, that couldn’t never exist, because for me, I don’t know if it’s wrong, it’s genetic. All the rest, taking care, giving affection, etc., etc., I think I could do it. So, the absence of the mother wouldn’t be noticed from this point of view, but from genetics point of view, I really don’t know how it is, I think there is a component that determines later the future behaviour and if that component doesn’t exist, I think that the person’s development would be at risk.

I: So, looking backwards since your childhood till current days, do you think that there has been an evolution in what men’s and women’s roles inside the couple, children’s education, and sharing household tasks are concerned?

R: (…) There has been an evolution essentially derived not from men’s understanding about the relevance of equality of men and women, but women’s relevance was essentially dictated, in the majority of societies and ours, I suppose, it was imposed for economic reasons. (…) In the 50’s/60’s, for me, there were reasons, economical reasons that lead women to the labour market. (…) Their role in household economy turned to be important because of the salary they brought, in spite of the fact of being a lower salary, as the salary inequalities always existed and still exists today. It became more and more indispensable. So, besides their job as a worker, it was added the mother’s work, aggravated by men’s general mentality that thought that household tasks, children’s education, etc., etc., always were women’s duties, because it was what they saw in their parents, grandparents, and so on, when they looked to the past. They saw that and they didn’t question themselves because they thought that it was what good women do and, many times, they still had the nerve of saying that women didn’t work, because if even they were at home working and had a dozen of children to raise, the husband would have the nerve to say that she didn’t work.
(…)

R: (…) I haven’t lived it, but that was something I felt and heard on conversations, etc., etc., and it was chocking to me, because that sex’s inequality was seen and faced naturally. (…)

I: Do you think it still exists?

R: Lesser, but still exists… (…) you just need to see the number of divorces or separations, or as church notices it, the number of marriages have been falling down, and so on. This has more to do with women’s affirmation, because she was oppressed, but I think there is an abdication from both, each one with a certain guilty.

Portuguese

I: Bom dia! Consente que gravemos a entrevista que vamos fazer?

R: Bom dia, Catarina, claro que sim!

I: Pronto, então, consegue dar-me exemplos de situações na sua vida que são ou que foram influenciadas pelo facto de ser homem? E de que forma é que exerceram influência?

R: Quando penso sobre o assunto experimento duas opiniões ou duas maneiras de ver distintas: uma, o facto de ser homem não terá influenciado em nada a minha escolha ou as minhas escolhas; a outra, tem a ver, por causa disso, talvez, e em termos de vivência, com opções que fiz em termos de vida... opções, mais do que opções, achava, achava natural, desde início, que, o papel do homem e da mulher fossem semelhantes, respeitando as diferenças próprias de sexo e, para isso, se quiser, tome como exemplo o meu casamento e os filhos que dele resultaram e aquilo que foi o trabalho meu e da minha mulher na educação dos filhotes. Aquilo que digo é que, desde o princípio, sempre considerei o trabalho do homem e da mulher igual. Trabalhámos no Estado, fomos, fomos, somos, a minha mulher já não, ambos professores, aplicámos um princípio, mais do que o normal, que é quem tem filhos trata deles, portanto, quem não tem dinheiro, não tem vícios. Os nossos filhos, por causa de sermos professores, tivemos a sorte de os podermos sempre educar, portanto, ou estava o pai ou estava a mãe, até chegar a altura de poderem ir para o infantário, porque aí as coisas passaram-se de forma diferente. Desde início, nas mais diversas tarefas de casa, etc, etc, o trabalho, meu e da minha mulher, salvo as especificidades, era exactamente igual: fazíamos tudo, éramos a mesma coisa, mais com algumas diferenças... tinha mais conhecimentos ou aptidão, por exemplo, para a cozinha, etc, etc, ainda hoje, eu reservo-me a esse direito: quando há muita gente, quem cozinha sou eu. Não deixo que a minha cara-metade perde o seu empenho, possa fazer com que as coisas fiquem mesmo bem. E, por isso, sou eu que faço isso... Em determinadas alturas, era eu que também passava a ferro, etc. Mas, portanto, sempre foram tarefas partilhadas, nunca houve nada do género de dizeR: "fazes tu porque és mulher, ou faço eu porque sou homem". Tirando coisas, por exemplo, que exigem verdadeiramente força bruta e aí, como regra, os homens são efectivamente mais brutos, portanto, têm mais força e, por isso, eram realizadas por mim. Quanto ao resto, e ao longo dos anos, educação dos filhos exactamente por igual, excepto a parte da amamentação, digo por igual a partir do biberão. Os primeiros tempos, valha a verdade, banhos e isso, por motivos vários que têm a ver com a minha concepção do que é ser mãe, não dava. Para lá de me fazer alguma impressão pegar numa coisa pequenina achava que a mãe era fundamental naquilo, mas depois até isso, banho ao bebé... e, portanto, ao longo dos tempos, desse ponto de vista, nunca houve nada na vida, escolhas nossas, que fossem ditadas por um ser homem e outro ser mulher.

I: Há bocadinho estava-me a falar do papel de mãe. Quer-me falar um bocadinho acerca daquilo que já vivenciou, portanto, desde que era criança, a visão que tinha da sua mãe, e agora o facto de ter sido também pai...

R: Esses papéis, eu acho que, na fase de educação dos filhos, a presença de um e de outro, pai e mãe, são importantes. No entanto, para vermos como é que eu ajuízo as coisas, se tivesse de haver um só deles, e, dependendo do período de vida, e aqui falo desde o nascimento até, sei lá, se entrar na puberdade, até aos 12/13 anos, sendo importante a presença dos dois, se tivesse de haver só um, se dos dois tivéssemos que morrer, preferia morrer eu e ficasse a minha mulher. Tão simples quanto isso, porque acho mais importante nesse primeiro período a mãe do que o pai.

I: E por que é que acha isso?

R: Por que é que acho isso?... Acho que tem a ver com aquilo que observo na natureza, etc, etc, nos mais variados tipos... desde os símios, por aí fora. Embora possa haver cooperação do macho e da fêmea, em grande parte das situações, na maior parte delas, o grosso do trabalho, o tomar conta, do cuidar, etc, etc, é da fêmea. E, penso, pela maioria da razão, que, em relação a nós humanos, esse papel não está reduzido, não está eliminado, seria cada vez mais importante... Aquilo que acontece é que o desenvolvimento da sociedade tem levado e as opções, os desejos de independência da mulher que, são mais do que legítimos, mas a independência da mulher não significa não compreender determinada coisa nem significa, para mim, negar que, na fase dos primeiros anos de vida, o papel da mãe é muito mais importante que o papel do pai. Muito mais importante! E, portando, se não houver a presença da mãe, a médio/longo prazo, a criança, o jovem, a jovem, o adulto, a adulta vai ressentir-se disso.

I: Mas acha que é um papel mais ao nível biológico ou a outros níveis?

R: Para mim, é ditado, fundamentalmente, do poucochinho que sei, que é nada, é ditado, fundamentalmente, pela biologia. Quer dizer, há cordões, há laços umbilicais que não se podem desfazer e independentemente dos sonhos, das aspirações das mulheres, que são legítimas. E, portanto, eu acho que se pode perfeitamente compaginar esse sonho, essa aspiração, com a parte biológica, no sentido de dizeR: há um período de tempo durante o qual eu não poderei fazer isto, e depois vou fazer. Porque, depois, a outra parte pode cooperar, pode participar mais e melhor, mas há um período em que a presença da mãe... acho que é fundamental. Acho que é fundamental.

I: Mas é fundamental a que nível?

R: Aquilo que virá a ser depois o nosso comportamento, enquanto crianças que entram na puberdade e depois enquanto adultos no sentido de a criança se sentir acompanhada, no sentido de se sentir mimada, coisa que o pai e o homem pode fazer, mas acho que é biológico, não... Pode ter o mesmo jeito... eu podia dizer e digo, seria tão capaz de tomar conta dos meus filhotes como a minha mulher, mas aquela relação umbilical de mãe e filho, essa nunca poderia existir, porque, para mim, não sei se bem se mal, é genético. Tudo o resto, o tratar, o dar-lhe carinho, etc, etc, acho que seria capaz. Portanto, a mãe não faria falta desse ponto de vista, mas, do ponto de vista genético, não sei exactamente como é que é, mas acho que há uma componente que determina depois o comportamento futuro se essa componente não existir, acho que o desenvolvimento da pessoa fica posto em causa.

I: Então e fazendo uma retrospectiva desde a sua infância e até aos tempos de hoje, actualmente, acha que houve uma evolução ou não ao nível dos papéis de homem e de mulher dentro do casal, ao nível da educação dos filhos, a partilha das tarefas em casa?

R: Evolução houve de certeza. Ela é clara. Houve evolução, fundamentalmente, derivada não tanto da compreensão da parte do homem pela relevância da mulher enquanto ser igual ao homem, mas ditada, fundamentalmente, essa relevância, da mulher, no grosso das sociedades e da nossa, suponho eu, impôs-se... por condições económicas. Primeiro, porque, independentemente do desejo de realização da mulher, foram razões para mim, anos 50/anos 60, razões de ordem económica que levaram a mulher a chegar ao mercado de trabalho. No nosso caso, não nos esqueçamos, a guerra começa em 61, a guerra colonial, e portanto isso leva a que homens saiam do campo; primeiro tinha começado antes a emigração... deixa ver, mão-de-obra para a indústria incipiente que nós tínhamos, para as actividades de campo, e, portanto, o que é que acontece? As empresas, os agricultores, os grandes proprietários viraram-se para a mulher. E, portanto, a mulher começa a trabalhar ainda antes, nessa altura, qualificação reduzidíssima: se os homens estudavam pouco, as mulheres ainda menos... mas, o papel delas na economia do lar passou a ser ainda mais importante porque traziam, sempre em valor inferior, portanto a desigualdade em termos salariais sempre existiu, ainda hoje se mantém, mas o montante que a mulher trazia para o lar, em termos de ordenado, salário, vencimento, tornou-se, cada vez mais indispensável. E, portanto, ao trabalho dela, enquanto trabalhadora adicionava-se o trabalho de mãe, agravado pela mentalidade da generalidade dos homens que entendiam que a lida da casa, a educação dos filhos, etc, etc, sempre foi, era, trabalho das mulheres, porque era assim que viam nos pais, nos avós, por aí fora, quando olhavam para o passado. Viam isso e, portanto, não se questionavam e achavam muito bem que a mulher fizesse isso tudo e, muitas vezes, tinham a lata de dizer que a mulher não trabalhava, porque mesmo quando só estivesse a trabalhar em casa e tivesse meia dúzia de filhos para criar, o marido tinha a lata de dizer que não trabalhava.

I: Mas vivenciou isso na sua infância ou não?

R: Fui-me dando conta ao longo da vida, em relação a várias pessoas. Eu não o vivi, mas isso era uma coisa que sentia e que ouvia nas conversas, etc, etc, chocantes para mim, onde essa desigualdade de sexo era manifesta e era encarada com naturalidade. Isso sempre me fez impressão, pronto.

I: E acha que isso ainda existe actualmente ou não?

R: Em menor grau existe, existe... porque, porque, porque, porque... não entendo que... essa diferença se tenha reduzida mercê de um maior nível cultural e compreensão do homem nem mercê do maior desejo de independência da mulher. Quer dizer, as duas coisas foram acontecendo: o desejo de independência, de afirmação, enquanto pessoa, de querer trabalhar, de querer ter um projecto de vida, etc, etc; o desejo do homem... o problema é que... não sei, isso prende-se com outras coisas, o ter uma companheira, por exemplo, dependendo das situações, dependendo das pessoas, o facto de se ter uma companheira, e não importa, portanto, aqui se se trata de um casamento como se se trata de uma união de facto, seja aquilo que for, uma simples decisão de dois seres se juntarem, o problema é que acho que essa decisão de as pessoas se juntarem, seja de que forma for, duas pessoas de sexo diferente... antes era algo de importante, hoje, para mim, é que tem cada vez menos valor, tem cada vez menos importância. As pessoas, e é giro isto, supostamente, as pessoas têm mais condições económicas, têm maior, mais condições culturais, mas é preciso distinguir cultura, por lado, e conhecimentos, por outro, e aqui falo de conhecimento científico; uma pessoa pode ter uma formação, uma licenciatura, um mestrado, um doutoramento numa determinada área e não é isso que confere à pessoa o "ser mais pessoa", pode-lhe conferir conhecimentos, se for o caso, na área onde aprofundou os estudos e isso, mas isso não lhe "arroda" mais nenhum outro direito, não a qualifica como melhor pessoa e, aquilo que vejo sim, é que, desse ponto de vista, porque o material económico mina tudo cada vez mais, eles e elas não estão dispostos a fazer esse sacrifício, a pensarem o que é uma união, um casamento ou um projecto para uma vida e, portanto, repara, é uma questão de ser ver o número de divórcios ou de separações ou, como hoje se queixa a Igreja, o número de casamentos que tem vindo a reduzir-se, por aí fora. E isso tem a ver como manifestação da afirmação, mais da mulher, porque teria sido reprimida, mas eu acho que há abdicação dos dois, cada um com determinadas culpas.

I: Está bem... Então, se calhar, interrompíamos esta história e passávamos a outro exemplo de outra situação que tenha vivenciado.

Metadata

Other Topic categories:
EDUCATION
IDENTITY
PROFESSIONAL CAREER
SOCIETAL CONTEXT
Key actors: 
myself, partner, children
Tags:
caring/carer/care giver, childhood, divorce/break-up, family life, fatherhood, marriage/co-habitation, motherhood, roles/role pattern, choice, health, physical strength, (in-) dependence, ambition, occupation/job, salary/income/allowance, discrimination
Male, 60 Portugal

Gender did matter

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