Policy cycle in migration

Crushed hopes: underemployment and deskilling among skilled migrant women: This publication intends to illustrate the professional setbacks that can derive from migration for qualified women and the far-reaching impact such losses may have on their well-being, sense of identity and family relationships. IOM, 2012.

Gender aspects of migration and asylum in the EU: an overview: European Parliamentary Research Service, 2016.

Female refugees and asylum seekers: the issue for integration: This study for the Women’s Rights and Gender Equality Committee presents an overview of the integration of refugee women in the EU, describing the barriers they face in accessing social and educational services and the labour market, as well as health issues. European Parliament, 2016.

Women on the move: migration, gender equality and the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. O’Neil, T.,   Fleury, A., and Foresti. M., 2016.

Report on the legal rights of women and girl asylum seekers in the European Union – Technical report: Women and girls’ access to asylum in the European Union: This report looks at how women and girls access asylum in the EU and show that is no common definition of gender-based persecution throughout the EU, and women who seek asylum based on these forms of persecution face numerous legal challenges to prove their suitability for refugee status. UN Women, 2017.

Gender inequality and integration of non-EU migrants in the EU: This paper explores why a gender perspective is necessary in addressing the labour integration of migrants and argues for labour market integration measures specifically geared towards migrant women. Barslund et al., 2017.

Out of sight: migrant women exploited in domestic work: The stories of the domestic workers FRA interviewed for this paper reveal appalling working conditions and fundamental rights abuses in private homes across the EU. These stories indicate that, 7 years on from FRA’s first report on domestic workers in 2011, little has changed in terms of the risks and experiences of severe labour exploitation domestic workers in the EU face. FRA 2017.

Migrant, refugee and asylum-seeking women and girls in Europe: This report emphasises the need for better integration of a gender perspective in asylum and migration policies and analyses risks and factors that expose women to violence before, during and after the migration process and complicate their access to adapted protection. Institute of Political Studies, produced for the Gender Equality Division of the Council of Europe, 2019.

Gender-based asylum claims and non-refoulement: Articles 60 and 61 of the Istanbul Convention: This collection of papers offers proposals on how to use Articles 60 and 61 so as to assist policymakers, border and immigration officials and practitioners by providing them with practical advice. Council of Europe, 2019.

Gender-sensitive education and training for the integration of third-country nationals: This paper looks at how gender equality and women’s empowerment are considered in the policies and actions supporting the integration of third-country nationals through education and training. It draws on a review of EU policies on migrant integration and education and a review of five Member States’ policy frameworks and gender-specific actions (Germany, Greece, France, Italy and Sweden). EIGE, 2020.

Gender-specific measures in anti-trafficking actions: This EIGE report is on gender-specific measures in anti-trafficking actions, analysing the provisions and obligations under the Anti-Trafficking Directive and the Victims’ Rights Directive through a gender lens. Specifically, the report assesses the extent to which the directives have the potential to fully protect and assist women and girls, who make up the bulk of victims of trafficking for sexual exploitation. The report also examines the level of harmonisation of the directives with other European Union and international instruments on trafficking in human beings, violence against women and gender equality. EIGE, 2018.

Progress report from the European Commission: These reports adopted by the Commission every second year, include specific analysis on the gender dimension of trafficking in human beings, based on reports from the EU Member States to the EU Anti-trafficking Coordinator and from participants to the EU Civil Society Platform against Trafficking in human beings, taking into account relevant documents of the Council, European Parliament, international (for example UNODC) and regional organizations (Council of Europe-GRETA).

Policy Brief No 4: Making gender-responsive migration laws: This paper provides a methodology for developing gender-responsive migration laws, with a special focus on low-skilled women. UN Women, 2017.

Gender sensitivity in labour migration-related agreements and MOUs: This brief analyses the extent to which bilateral agreements and Memorandum of Understanding in the area of migrants’ work contain gender provisions. ILO, 2016.

Gender assessment of the refugee and migration crisis in Serbia and FYR Macedonia: This publication by UN Women provides a gender assessment of the response to the refugee crisis in Serbia and North Macedonia. It includes an analysis of the risks refugee women are exposed to, the services that are available for women and the obstacles women face in accessing them. UN Women, 2016.

Guide on gender-sensitive labour migration policies: This guide addresses the topic of gender and migration and provides practical tools for mainstreaming gender into migration policies. It high- lights the importance of sex-disaggregated data and explains how gender mainstreaming can be incorporated into migration policies through gender impact assessments, indicators and evaluations. It also discusses and presents current practices on existing immigration policies from a gender perspective. Organisation for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE), 2009.