Legal Definitions in the EU Member States

There is no specific definition of “sexual assault” in the Criminal Code, however, it lists the following acts as criminal offences: satisfaction of sexual desire by violence (Section 142), compelling person to engage in sexual intercourse (Section 143), compelling person to satisfy sexual desire (Section 143)

The Gender Equality Act also distinguishes "gender harassment" (Art. 3)

There is no legal definition of intimate partner violence in the criminal law. It could fall under "assault"

Special circumstances (in the same legal provision):

• Also a person who, after rendering another person unconscious or arousing in him or her a state of fear or another such state in which he or she is incapable of defending himself or herself, takes advantage of the incapacity and has sexual intercourse with him or her, shall be sentenced for rape.
• An attempt is punishable.

Aggravated rape (Criminal Code, Chapter 20, Section 2)

• If, in the rape,(1) grievous bodily injury, serious illness or a state of mortal danger isintentionally inflicted on another,(2) the offence is committed by several people, or especially hard mental or physical suffering is caused,(3) the offence is committed in a particularly brutal, cruel or humiliating manner, or(4) a firearm, edged weapon or other lethal instrument is used or a threat of other serious violence is made,and the rape is aggravated also when assessed as a whole, the offender shall be sentenced for aggravated rape to imprisonment for at least two years and at most ten years.
• An attempt is punishable.

Coercion into sexual intercourse (Criminal Code, Chapter 20, Section 3)

• If the rape, in view of the slight degree of the violence or threat and the other particulars of the offence, is deemed to have been committed under mitigating circumstances when assessed as a whole, the offender shall be sentenced for coercion into sexual intercourse to imprisonment for at most three years.
• Also a person who coerces another into sexual intercourse by a threat other than that referred to in section 1, subsection 1 shall be sentenced for coercion into sexual intercourse.
• An attempt is punishable.

Coercion into a sexual act (Criminal Code, Chapter 20, Section 4)

• A person who by violence or threat coerces another into a sexual act other thanthat referred to in section 1 or into submission to such an act, thus essentiallyviolating his or her right of sexual self-determination, shall be sentenced for coercioninto a sexual act to a fine or to imprisonment for at most three years.
• An attempt is punishable.

There is no specific legal provision on "sexual assault", but sexual abuse of persons over the legal age of 16 is forbidden in the separate paragraphs depending on the position of the perpetrator. Persons under 18 years (but over 16 years) are protected from sexual relationships with persons in charge in schools or similar institutions, and also if the perpetrator takes advantage of their immaturity. Sexual abuse is always punishable if the victim is treated in a hospital or similar institution and the perpetrator takes advantage of victim’s sickness or disability or if there is some other kind of dependent relationship between the perpetrator and the victim and this dependency is misused. The last category of sexual abuse includes all cases in which the victim is for some reason (unconsciousness, sickness, disability) in a vulnerable position and the perpetrator takes sexual advantage of this. In these cases the prosecutor can drop the charges if the victim asks for it with “firm will”.

Domestic violence can be psychological (offensive words, threats, shouts), physical or sexual abuse. The couple's relationship does not justify forcing a person to have sex with her partner. Violence between those engaged within a couple are aggravated criminal offences that increase penalties.